Abstract
The incidence of major fungal infection in recent years has paralleled increasing use of immunosuppressive drugs, broad spectrum antibiotics and implantable catheters and prostheses. The pediatric surgeon encounters fungi as agents of perioperative infection and anatomic disease requiring surgical intervention. Clinical mycology is increasingly challenged by a wide spectrum of unfamiliar fungi, fungal infections and antimycotic drugs. An overview of the expanding role of surgical mycosis in children is presented.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Predaza MA. Mycotic infections at autopsy. A comparative study in two university hospitals. Am J Clin Path 1969; 51: 470–6.
Rose HD, Varkey B. Mycotic infection in the hospitalized adult: A study of 123 patients. Medicine 1975; 54: 499–507.
Burchard KW, Minor LB, Slotman GJ, Gann DS. Fungal sepsis in surgical patients. Arch Surg 1983; 217–21.
Hart PD, Russell E, Jr, Remington JS. The compromised host and infection. II. Deep fungal infection. J Infect Dis 1969; 120: 169–91.
Eras P, Goldstein MJ, Sherlock P. Candida infection of the gastrointestinal tract. Medicine 1972; 51: 367–79.
Smith JMB. Mycoses of the alimentary tract. Gut 1969; 10: 1035–40.
Solomkin JS, Flohr AM, Simmons RC. Indications for therapy for fungemia in postoperative patients. Arch Surg 1982; 117: 1272–5.
Borg I, Hejjkenskjold F, Nelehn B, et al. Massive growth of yeasts in resected stomach. Gut 1966; 1: 244–9.
Tustin AW, Kaiser AB, Bradsher RW, Herrington L. Unusual fungal infections following jejunoileal bipass. Arch Intern Med 1980; 140: 643–5.
Solomkin JS, Flohr AB, Quie PG, et al. The role of Candida in intraperitoneal infections. Surgery 1980; 88: 524–30.
Lewis JH, Patel HR, Zimmerman HJ. The spectrum of hepatic candidiasis. Hepatology 1982; 2: 479–87.
Wald BR, Ortega JA, Ross W. Candidal splenic abscess complicating acute leukemia of childhood treated by splenectomy. Pediatrics 1981; 67: 296–9.
Richter JM, Jacoby GA, Schapiro H. Pancreatic abscess due to Candida albicans. Ann Intern Med 1982; 97: 221–2.
Uflacker R, Wholey MH, Amaral NM, et al. Parasitic and mycotic causes of biliary obstruction. Gastrointest Radiol 1982; 7: 173–9.
Chen C, Chang P, Chen C. Refractory cholangitis after Kasai's operation caused by candidiasis: a case report. J Pediatr Surg 1986; 18: 736–7.
Young RC, Bennett JE, Vogel CL, et al. Aspergillosis. The spectrum of the disease in 98 patients. Medicine 1970; 49: 147–73.
Raaf JH, Donahoe PK, Truman JT, Robboy SJ. Aspergillus-induced small bowel obstruction in a leukemia newborn. Surgery 1977; 81: 111–3.
Meyer RD, Armstrong D. Mucormycosis: changing status. CRC Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1973; 4: 421–51.
McBride RA, Corson JM, Dammin GJ. Mucormycosis. Two cases of disseminated disease with cultural identification of Rhizopus; review of literature. Am J Med 1960; 28: 832–46.
Michalak DM, Cooney DR, Rhodes RH, Telander RL, Kleinberg F. Gastrointestinal mucormycosis in infants and children: a cause of gangrenous intestinal cellulitis and perforation. J Pediatr Surg 1980; 15: 320–4.
Mullens JE, Leers WD, Smith GW. Phycomycosis involving the intestine and anterior abdominal wall. A case report. Ann Surg 1970; 171: 303–8.
Levin SE, Isaacson C. Spontaneous perforation of the colon in the newborn. Arch Dis Child 1960; 35: 378–82.
Gatling RR. Gastric mucormycosis in a newborn infant. Arch Pathol 1960; 67: 249.
Neame P, Rayner D. Mucormycosis. Arch Pathol 1960; 70: 261–8.
Isaacson C, Lebin SE. Gastrointestinal myucormycosis in infancy. S Afr Med J 1961; 35: 581–4.
Shull HJ. Human histoplasmosis. Disease with protean manifestations, often with digestive system involvement. Gastroenterology 1953; 25: 582–95.
Goodwin RA, Shapiro JL, Thurman GH, Thurman SS, DesPrez RM. Disseminated histoplasmosis: Clinical and pathologic correlations. Medicine 1959; 59: 1–33.
Mir-Madjlessi SH, Farmer RG, Hawk WA. Granulomatous hepatitis. A review of 50 cases. Am J Gastroenterol 1973; 60: 122–34.
Cockshott WP, Lucas AO. Histoplasmosis dubosii. Q J Med 1964; 133: 223–38.
Restrepo A, Robeldo M, Gutierrey F, et al. Paracoccidiomycosis (South American blastomycosis). Am J Trop Med Hyg 1970; 19: 68–76.
Kozinn PJ, Taschdjian CL, Wiener H, Dragutsky D, Minsky A. Neonatal candidiasis. Pediat Clin N Amer 1958; 5: 803–15.
Andersen NA, Sage DN, Spaulding EH. Oral moniliasis in newborn infants. Am J Dis Child 1944; 67: 450–5.
Rotrosen D, Gibson TR, Edwards JE, Jr. Adherence of Candida species to intravenous catheters. J Inf Dis 1983; 147: 594.
Pasternak BM, Samson R, Karp MD. Fungal infection of a vascular prosthesis. Surgery 1979; 85: 586–8.
Keller MA, Sellers BB, Melish ME, Kaplan GW, Miller KE, Mendoza SA. Systemic candidiasis in infants. Am J Dis Child 1977; 131: 1260–3.
Deitch EA, Marini JJ, Huseby JS. Suppurative Candida phlebitis of a peripheral vein. J Trauma 1980; 20: 618–20.
Joachim H, Polayes S. Subacute endocarditis and systemic mycosis (monilia). JAMA 1940; 115: 205.
McLoed R, Remington JS. Postoperative fungal endocarditis. In: Duma RJ (ed). Infections of prosthetic heart valves and vascular grafts. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1977, pp. 163; 211.
Rubin RH, Moellering RC. Clinical, microbiologic and therapeutic aspects of purulent endocarditis. Am J Med 1975; 59: 68–78.
Rubinstein E, Noriega ER, Simberkoff MS, Holzman R, Rahal JJ, Jr. Fungal endocarditis: Analysis of 24 cases and review of the literature. Medicine 1975; 54: 331–44.
Walsh TJ, Hutchins GM. Postoperative candida infections of the heart in children: clinico-pathologic study of a continuing problem of diagnosis and therapy. J Pediatr Surg 1980; 15: 325–31.
Wiley EL, Hutchins GM. Superior vana cava syndrome secondary to Candida thrombophlebitis complicating parenteral hyperalimentation. J Pediatr 1977; 91; 977–9.
Foker J, Bass J, Thompson T, et al. Management of intracardiac fungal masses in premature infants. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1984; 87: 244–50.
Barst RJ, Prince AS, Neu H. Aspergillus endocarditis in children: Case report and review of the literature. Pediatrics 1981; 68: 73–8.
Luke JL, Bolande RP, Grass S. Generalized aspergillosis and aspergillus endocarditis in infancy. Pediatrics 1963; 31: 115–22.
Goodwin RA, Loyd JE, DesPrez RM. Histoplasmosis in normal hosts. Medicine 1981; 60: 231–66.
Goodwin RA, Nickell JA, DesPrez RM. Mediastinal fibrosis complicating healed primary histoplasmosis and tuberculosis. Medicine 1972; 51: 227–46.
Dennis D, Miller MJ, Peterson CG. Candida septicemia. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1964; 119: 520–30.
Wiseman NE, Reed MH. Bronchopulmonary arterial malformation occurring in Aspergillus lung infection complicating chronic granulomatous disease. J Pediatr Surg 1981; 16: 457–60.
Varkey B, Rose HD. Pulmonary aspergilloma. A rational approach to treatment. Am J Med 1976; 61: 626–31.
Shamberger RC, Weinstein HJ, Grier HE, Levey RH. The surgical management of fungal pulmonary infections in children with acute myelogenous leukemia. J Pediatr Surg 1985; 20: 840–4.
Fisher J, Mayhall G, Duma R, et al. Fungus ball of the urinary tract. South Med J 1979; 72: 1281–4.
Littman ML, Walter JE. Cryptococcosis: current status. Am J Med 1968; 45: 922–32.
Michigan S. Genitourinary fungal infections. J Urol 1976; 116: 390–7.
Smith H, Congdon P. Neonatal systemic candidiasis. Arch Dis Child 1985; 4: 365–9.
Witorsch P, Utz JP. North American blastomycosis: a study of 40 patients. Medicine 1968; 47: 169–200.
Duttera MV, Osterhout S. North American blastomycosis: a survey of 63 cases. South Med J 1969; 62: 295–301.
Bayer AS, Yoshikawa TT, Galpin J, Guze LB. Unusual syndromes of coccidioidomycosis: Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Medicine 1976; 55: 131–52.
Salyer WR, Salyer DC. Involvement of the kidney and prostate in cryptococcosis. J Urol 1973; 109: 695–8.
Schwartz J. Mycotic prostatitis. Urology 1982; 19: 1–5.
Simpson MB, Jr, Merz WG, Kurlinski JP, et al. Opportunistic mycotic osteomyelitis: Bone infections due to Aspergillus and Candida species. Medicine 1977; 56: 475–82.
Yap S, Ravitch MM, Pataki KI. En bloc chest wall resection for candidal costochondritis in a drug addict. Ann Thorac Surg 1981; 31: 182–7.
Buscino L, Iannaccone G, DelPrincipe D, Lucarelle S, Cardi E, Rizza E. Disseminated arthritis and osteitis by Candida albicans in a 2-month-old infant receiving parenteral nutrition. Acta Pediatr Scand 1977; 66: 393–5.
Mawk JR, Erickson DL, Chow SN, et al. Aspergillus infections of the lumbar disc spaces: Report of 3 cases. J Neurosurg 1983; 58: 270–4.
Byrd BF, Weiner MH, McGee ZA. Aspergillus spinal epidural abscess. JAMA 1982; 248: 3138–9.
Kafka JA, Cantanzaro A. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis in children. J Pediatr 1981; 98: 355–61.
Bayer AS, Scott VJ, Guze LB. Fungal arthritis III. Sportrichal arthritis. Semin Arthrit Rheum 1979; 9: 66–74.
Lynch PJ, Voorhees JJ, Harrell ER. Systemic sporotrichosis. Ann Intern Med 1970; 73: 23–30.
Tight RR, Bartlett MS. Actinomycetoma in the United States. Rev Infect Dis 1981; 3: 1139–50.
Gartenberg C, Bottone EJ, Keusch GT, et al. Hospital acquired mucormycosis (Rhizopus rhizopodiformis) of skin and subcutaneous tissue. N Engl J Med 1978; 299: 1115–8.
Bruck HM, Nash G, Foley FD, et al. Opportunistic fungal infection of the burn wound with Phycomycetes and Aspergillus. Arch Surg 1971; 102: 476–82.
Wilson CB, Siber GR, O'Brien TF, et al. Phycomycotic gangrenous cellulitis. A report of two cases and a review of the literature. Arch Surg 1976; 111: 532–8.
Golladay ES, Baker SB. Invasive aspergillosis in children. J Pediatr Surg 1987; 22: 504–5.
Laskey WK. Blastomycosis in children. Pediatrics 1980; 65: 111–4.
Cohen R. Coccidioidomycosis: case report in children. Arch Pediat 1949; 66: 241–3.
Rao TV, Tao KS, Satyanarayana CV, Pradesh A. Primary cutaneous cryptococcal granuloma in a child. J Pediatr Surg 1976; 11: 267–8.
Powell KE, Taylor A, Phillips BJ, et al. Chronic sporotrichosis in forestry workers. JAMA 1978; 240: 232–5.
Chandler JW, Kriel RL, Tosh FE. Childhood sporotrichosis. Am J Dis Child 1968; 115: 368–72.
Dahl BA, Silberfarb PM, Sarosi GA, Weeks RJ, Tosh FE. Sporotrichosis in children. JAMA 1971; 215: 1980–2.
Francois J, Russelaere M. Occulomycoses. Springfield, Mass: Charles C. Thomas, 1972.
Palmer EA. Endogenous Candida endophthalmitis in infants. Am J Ophthal 1980; 89: 388–95.
Heath P. Massive separation of retina in full-term infants and juveniles. JAMA 1950; 144: 1148–9.
Alexander PB, Coodley EL. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis with intraocular involvement. Am J Ophthal 1967; 64: 283–9.
Neuhauser EBD, Tucker A. The roentgen changes produced by diffuse torulosis in the newborn. Amer J Roentgenol 1948; 59: 805–10.
Romett JL, Newman RK. Aspergillosis of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Laryngoscope 1982; 92: 764–6.
Meyer RD, Rosen P, Armstrong D. Phycomyosis complicating leukemia and lymphoma. Ann Intern Med 1972; 77: 871–9.
Drugs for treatment of systemic fungal infection. Med Lett Drugs Ther 1986; 28: 41–4.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nagar, H. Mycotic infection and the pediatric surgeon. Mycopathologia 112, 147–155 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00436645
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00436645