Abstract
Fungal flora of 20 samples of lentil seeds collected from Assiut governorate, Egypt, were studied. Seventeen genera and 13 species were isolated on glucose- (15 genera and 27 species), cellulose-(15 genera and 25 species)Czapek's agar media at 28 °C. The most common species were as follows: on glucose-Czapek's agar, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, Penicillium notatum and Rhizopus oryzae and on cellulose agar, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. flavus and P. notatum.
Thin layer chromatographic (TLC) analysis and a biological test (Artemia salina) indicated the presence and the toxicity of aflatoxin in the extract of one sample (aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2, at 20 mg/kg, total). This is the first report of the natural occurrence of aflatoxins in lentils.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdel-Hafez SII. Mycoflora of bean, broad bean, lentil lupine and pea seeds in Saudi Arabia. Mycopathologia 1984; 88:45–49.
Brown RF. The effect of some mycotoxins on the brine shrimp, Artemia salina. J Assoc Offic Anal Chem 1969; 45:119.
Christensen CM. Influence of small difference in moisture content upon the invasion of hard red winter wheat by Aspergillus restrictus and A. repens. Cereal Chem 1963; 40:385–90.
Coomes TJ, Crowther PC, Framcis BJ, Stevens L. Detection and estimation of aflatoxin in groundnut materials for routine assessment of toxicity due to aflatoxin B1. Analyst 1965; 90:492–96.
El-Kady IA, Abdel-Hafez SII, El-Maraghy SS. Contribution to the fungal flora of cereal grains in Egypt. Mycopathologia 1982; 77:103–09.
El-Kady IA, Mazen MB, Sabah Saber. Fungi isolated from cotton seed and cotton seed products. Bull Fac Sci Ass Univ 1982; 11:151–57.
El-Khadem M, Naguib KH, Naguib MM. Aflatoxins in food stuff in Egypt. II —Broad beans mycoflora and toxicity. Proc of the International Symposium on Mycotoxins. September 6–8, Cairo, Egypt 1983; 213–20.
Gimeno A. Thin layer chromatographic determination of aflatoxins, ochratoxins, sterigmatocystin, zearalenone, citrinin, T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, penicilic acid, patulin, and penitrem A. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1979; 62:579–585.
Habish HA. Aflatoxin in haricot bean and other pulses. Exp Agric 1972; 8:135–37.
Khare MN, Agrawal SC, Jain AC. An annotated bibliography of lentil diseases 1923–1978. Jabapur, Madhya Pradesh India. Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, 1979; 46 p.
Mabrouk SS, El-Shayeb NMA. Aflatoxin production on some Egyptian agricultural food commodities. Chem Mikrobiol Technol Lebensm 1980; 6:167–70.
Mislivec PB, Dieter CT, Buce VR. Mycotoxin-producing potential of mold flora of dried beans. Appl Microbiol 1975; 29:522–26.
Moubahser AH, Al-Naghy MA, Abdel-Hafez SII. Studies on the fungal flora of three grains in Egypt. Mycopathol Mycol Appl 1972; 47:261–74.
Moubahser AH, El-Hissy FT, Abdel Hafez SII, Hassan SKM. The mycoflora of peanut in Egypt. Mycopathologia 1979; 68:39–46.
Parveen Q, Prakash D. Studies on seed mycoflora of lentil. Acta Bot Ind 1981; 158–59.
Przybylski W. Formation of derivations of aflatoxins on TLC plates. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1975; 58:163–64.
Sargeant K, Sheridan A, O'Kelly J, Carnaghan RBA. Toxicity associated with certain samples of groundnuts. Nature (London) 1961; 192:1096–97.
Scott de B. Toxigenic fungi isolated from cereal and legume products. Mycol Appl 1965; 25:213–22.
Scott PM, Welbeak W, Kennedy B, Anyet D. Mycotoxins (ochratoxin A, citrinin, and sterigmatocystin) and toxigenic fungi in grains and other agricultural products. J Agr Food Chem 1972; 20:1103–9.
Seenappa M. Suitability of a modified minicolumn for detection of aflatoxin in maize and beans. Proc of the International Symposium on Mycotoxins. September 6–8. Cairo, Egypt, 1983; 227–30.
Smith NR, Dawson VT. The bacteriostatic action of rose bengal in media used for the plate count of soil fungi. Soil Sci 1944; 58:467–71.
Stoloff L. Occurrence of mycotoxins in foods and feeds. In: Rodricks JV, ed. Mycotoxins and fungal related problems. Advan Chem No 149. Washington DC: Amer Chem Soc, 1976:23–50.
Sumar SP, Howard RJ. Seed microflora of pulses grown in Alberta, Canada. Seed Sci Technol 1983; 11:363–70.
Topsy K. Etudes des aflatoxins par l'Aspergillus flavus dans le soja et autres legumineuses. Ann Nutr Alim 1977; 31:625–34.
Vishunavat K, Shukla P. Effect of different temperatures, humidities and period of storage upon prevalence of seed mycoflora of lentil. Ind J Mycol Pathol 1983; 13:109–11.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
El -Maraghy, S.S.M. Aflatoxins and fungal flora in lentil (Lens esculenta L.). Mycopathologia 102, 31–35 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00436249
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00436249