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When is surgery indicated in anterior knee instability?

Considerations on operative and functional treatment

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Summary

Rupture of the ACL may result in chronic anterior knee instability. However, in the majority of patients the secondary stabilizers of the joint such as collateral ligaments, menisci, and the capsule will compensate for this instability. We recommend surgical reconstruction of the acute rupture of the ACL only in the young, active athlete. Concomitant ruptures of capsuloligamentuous structures do not indicate surgical treatment: they may be treated by a plaster cast or a splint with good results. Chronic symptomatic anterior knee instability should first be treated by a vigorous muscle-training program. Surgery is performed only for those patients who cannot compensate for their instability after this rehabilitation program.

Zusammenfassung

Die Ruptur oder der Verlust des vorderen Kreuzbandes führt zur vorderen Knieinstabilität. Biomechanische und pathomechanische Erkenntnisse zeigen, daß die Funktionen des vorderen Kreuzbandes zumindest teilweise auch von Gelenkkapsel und Kollateralbändern übernommen werden. Deren Mitverletzung kann im Gegensatz zur Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbandes konservativ ausgeheilt werden. So wird die Indikation zu operativen Maßnahmen bei frischen anterioren Knieinstabilitäten allein durch die Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbandes bestimmt, nicht aber durch begleitende Verletzungen des kapsulären und/oder ligamentären Apparates. Bei veralteten vorderen Knieinstabilitäten ist es die nicht mögliche muskuläre Kompensation, die zu aktiven Maßnahmen im Sinne der Bandrekonstruktion zwingt.

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Wirth, C.J., Lobenhoffer, P. When is surgery indicated in anterior knee instability?. Arch. Orth. Traum. Surg. 105, 232–234 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00435487

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