Abstract
A combined analysis of data from 11 controlled studies of loxapine versus either chlorpromazine or trifluoperazine in acute schizophrenia (5 studies) and chronic schizophrenia (6 studies) showed statistically significant superiority of loxapine on several items and factors of standardized psychiatric rating scales. Upon review of these findings, it was observed that the rating scale symptoms for which loxapine appeared superior to the reference compounds could, in the main, be considered a broad paranoid “cluster”. The data were then reanalyzed to detect possible differences in efficacy of loxapine versus the reference compounds in those patients with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia, paranoid type and in those patients of any diagnostic subtype other than paranoid. Results of these analyses demonstrated clear superiority of loxapine in paranoid schizophrenic patients; nonparanoid patients responded at least equally as well to loxapine as to the reference compounds. Findings could not be attributed to inadequate dosages of the reference compounds or inequality of treatment groups at baseline.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bishop, M. P., Gallant, D. M.: Trifluperidol in “paranoid” and “non-paranoid” schizophrenics. Curr. ther. Res. 7, 96–101 (1965)
Casey, J. F., Lasky, J. J., Klett, C. J., Hollister, L. E.: Treatment of schizophrenic reactions with phenothiazine derivatives: A comparative study of chlorpromazine, triflupromazine, mepazine, prochlorperazine, perphenazine, and phenobarbital. Amer. J. Psychiat. 117, 97–105 (1960)
DiMascio, A., Goldberg, H. Diagnosing and treating acute schizophrenia. Hosp. Physician 10, 70–76 (May, 1974)
Galbrecht, C. R., Klett, C. J.: Predicting response to phenothiazines: The right drug for the right patient. J. nerv. ment. Dis. 147, 173–183 (1968)
Goldberg, S. C., Mattsson, N., Cole, J. A., Klerman, G. L.: Prediction of improvement in schizophrenia under four phenothiazines. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 16, 107–117 (1967)
Goldberg, S. C., Frosch, W. A., Drossman, A. K., Schooler, N. R., Johnson, G. F. S.: Prediction of response to phenothiazines in schizophrenia: A crossvalidation study. Arch. gen. Psychiat. 26, 367–373 (1972)
Hollister, L. E., Overall, J. E., Bennett, J. L., Kimbell, I., Jr., Shelton, J.: Triperidol in newly admitted schizophrenics. Amer. J. Psychiat. 122, 96–98 (1965)
Hollister, L. E., Overall, J. E., Bennett, J. L., Kimbell, I., Jr., Shelton, J.: Specific therapeutic actions of acetophenazine, perphenazine, and benzquinamide in newly admitted schizophrenic patients. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 8, 249–255 (1967)
Hollister, L. E., Overall, J. E., Kimbell, I. Jr., Pokorny, A.: Specific indications for different classes of phenothiazines. Arch. gen. Psychiat. 30, 94–99 (1974)
Honigfeld, G., Gillis, R. D., Klett, C. J.: NOSIE 30: A treatmentsensitive ward behavior scale. Psychol. Rep. 19, 180–182 (1966)
Klett, C. J., Moseley, E. C.: The right drug for the right patient. J. cons. Psychol. 29, 546–551 (1965)
Lasky, J. J., Klett, J., Caffey, E. M., Jr., Bennett, J. L., Rosenblum, M. P., Hollister, L. E.: Drug treatment of schizophrenic patients: A comparative evaluation of chloropromazine, chlorprothixene, fluphenazine, reserpine, thioridazine and triflupromazine. Dis. nerv. Syst. 23, 698–706 (1962)
National Institute of Mental Health—Psychopharmacology Service Center Collaborative Study Group: Phenothiazine treatment in acute schizophrenia. Arch. gen. Psychiat. 10, 246–261 (1964)
Overall, J. E., Gorham, D. R.: The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychol. Rep. 10, 799–812 (1962)
Overall, J. E., Hollister, L. E., Honigfeld, G., Kimbell, I. H., Jr., Meyer, F., Bennett, J. L., Caffey, E., Jr. Comparison of acetophenazine with perphenazine in schizophrenics: Demonstration of differential effects based on computer-derived diagnostic models. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 4, 200–208 (1963)
Simpson, G. M., Varga, E.: “Status of the Paranoid” faulted for ignoring recent literature (Letters to the Editor), Psychiat. Quart. 46, 142–143 (1972)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bishop, M.P., Simpson, G.M., Dunnett, C.W. et al. Efficacy of loxapine in the treatment of paranoid schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 51, 107–115 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00431725
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00431725