Summary
Heteroduplex DNA molecules were prepared in vitro using one strand of DNA carrying a point mutation and one strand of the corresponding wild-type DNA. The heteroduplex DNA was transfected into competent bacteria and the progeny genotypes in the resulting infective centers were determined. From the results were conclude that about 80% of all transfected DNA molecules are repaired before DNA replication starts. This fraction of repaired DNA is independent of the location of the mismatched nucleotide pair. However, mismatch correction occurs preferentially on the H strand of the heteroduplex DNA.
The repair does not depend on a known phage coded function but requires the active bacterial genes mut U, mut H, mut S and probably mut L.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Auer B, Günthert U, Wagner EF, Schweiger M (1979) Is the DNA of virus T7 methylated? J Gen Virol 44:609–613
Baas PD, Jansz HS (1972) Asymmetric information transfer during ϕX174 DNA replication. J Mol Biol 63:557–568
Benzinger R (1978) Transfection of Enterobacteriaccac and its applications. Microbiol Reviews 42:194–236
Benzinger R, Enquist LW, Skalka A (1975) Transfection of Escherichia coli spheroplasts. V. Activity of rec BC nuclease in rec+ and rec- spheroplasts measured with different forms of bacteriophage DNA. J Virol 15:861–871
Bolivar F, Rodriguez RL, Betlach MC, Boyer HW (1977) Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. I. Ampicillin-resistant derivatives of the plasmid pMB 9. Gene 2, 75–93
Broker RR, Lehman IR (1971) Branched DNA molecules: intermediates in T4 recombination. J Mol Biol 60:131–149
Campbell A (1961) Sensitive mutants of bacteriophage λ. Virology 14:22–32
Capaldo FN, Ramsey G, Barbour SD (1974) Analysis of the growth of recombination-deficient strains of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol 118:242–249
Center MS, Studier FW, Richardson CC (1970) The structural gene for a T7 endonuclease essential for phage DNA synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 65:242–249
Chamberlin M, McGrath J, Waskell L (1970) New RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T7. Nature 228:227–231
Cox EC (1976) Bacterial mutator genes and the control of spontaneous mutation. Annu Rev Gent 10:135–156
Doerfler W, Hogness DS (1968) Gene orientation in bacteriophage lambda as determined from the genetic activities of heteroduplex DNA formed in vitro. J Mol Biol 33:661–678
Dreiseikelmann B, Eichenlaub R, Wackernagel W (1979) The effect of differential methylation by Escherichia coli of plasmid DNA and phage T7 DNA on the cleavage by restriction nuclease MboI from Moraxella bovis. Biophys Acta 562:418–428
Fraser D, Jerrel EA (1953) The amino acid composition of T3 bacteriophage. J Biol Chem 205:291–295
Glickman BW, Radman M (1980) Escherichia coli mutator mutants deficient in methylation-instructed DNA mismatch correction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:1063–1067
Glickman BW, van den Elsen P, Radman M (1978) Induced mutagenesis in dam- mutants of Escherichia coli: A role for 6-methyladenine residues in mutation avoidance. Mol Gen Genet 163:307–312
Goldmark PJ, Linn S (1972) Purification and properties of the rec BC DNase of E. coli K-12. J Biol Chem. 247:1849–1860
Grippo P, Richardson CC (1971) Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase of bacteriophage T7. J Biol Chem 246:6867–6873
Guthrie GD, Sinsheimer RL (1963) Observations on the infection of bacterial protoplasts with the deoxyribonucleic acid of bacteriophage λX174. Biochim Biophys Acta 72:290–297
Hausmann R (1976) Bacteriophage T7 genetics. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 75:77–110
Holliday R (1974) Molecular aspects of genetic exchange and gene conversion. Genetics 78:273–287
Howard-Flanders P, Boyce RP, Theriot L (1966) Three loci in E. coli K12 that control the excision of pyrimidine dimers and certain other mutagen products from DNA. Genetics 53:1119–1136
Kerr C, Sadowski PD (1972) Gene 6 exonuclease of bacteriophage T7. I. Purification and properties of the enzyme. J Biol Chem 247:305–310
Kerr C, Sadowski PD (1975) The involvement of genes 3, 4, 5, and 6 in genetic recombination in bacteriophage T7. Virology 65:281–285
Klinkert J, Klein A (1978) Roles of bacteriophage λ gene products O and P during early and late phages of infection cycle. Virology 25:730–737
Kolodner R, Masamune Y, LeClere JE, Richardson CC (1978) Gene 4 protein of bacteriophage T7. Purification, physical properties, and stimulation of T7 DNA polymerase during the elongation of polynucleotide chains. J Biol Chem 253:566–573
Liberfarb RM, Bryson V (1970) Isolation, characterisation, and genetic analysis of mutator genes in Escherichia coli B and K12. J Bacteriol 104:363–375
Mandel M, Higa A (1970) Calcium-dependent bacteriophage DNA infection. J Mol Biol 53:159–162
Marinus MG (1973) Location of DNA methylation genes on the Escherichia coli map. Mol Gen Genet 127:47–55
Marinus MG, Morris NR (1975) Pleiotropic effects of a DNA adenine methylation mutation (dam-3) in Escherichia coli K12. Mutat Res 28:15–26
Meselson MS, Radding CM (1975) A general model for genetic recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72:358–361
Millette RL, Trotter CD, Herrlich P, Schweiger M (1970) In vitro synthesis, termination, and release of active messenger DNA. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 35:135–142
Modrich P, Richardson CC (1975) Bacteriophage T7 deoxyribonucleic acid replication in vitro. Bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase: An enzym composed of phage-and host-specified subunits. J Biol Chem 250:5515–5522
Nevers P, Spatz HC (1975) Escherichia coli mutants uvr D and uvr E deficient in gene conversion of λ-heteroduplexes. Mol Gen Genet 139:233–243
Nikolskaya II, Tkatcheva ZG, Vanyushin BF, Tikchonenko TI (1968) On the presence of minor bases in DNA of phages DD7 and SD and their hosts. Biochim Biophys Acta 155:626–669
Oey JL, Strätling W, Knippers R (1971) A DNA polymerase induced by bacteriophage T7. Eur J Biochem 23:497–504
Ogawa H, Araki H, Tsujimoto Y (1979) Recombination intermediates formed in the extract from T7-infected cells. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 43:1033–1041
Powling A, Knippers R (1976) Recombination of bacteriophage T7 in vivo. Mol Gen Genet 149:63–71
Powling A, Knippers R (1974) Some functions involved in bacteriophage T7 genetic recombination. Mol Gen Genet 134:173–180
Radding CM (1978) Genetic recombination: Strand transfer and mismatch repair. Annu Rev Biochem 47:847–880
Radman M, Villani G, Boiteux S, Kinsella AR, Glickman BW, Spadari S (1979) Replicational fidelity: Mechanisms of mutation avoidance and mutation fixation. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 43:937–946
Richardson CC, Romano LJ, Kolodner R, LeClerc JE, Tamanoi F, Engler MJ, Dean FB, Richardson DS (1979) Replication of bacteriophage T7 DNA by purified proteins. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 43:427–440
Roeder GS, Sadowski PD (1979) Pathways of recombination of bacteriophage T7 DNA in vitro. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 43:1023–1032
Rydberg B (1978) Bromuracil mutagenesis and mismatch repair in mutator strains of Escherichia coli. Mutat Res 52:11–24
Sadowski PD (1971) Bacteriophage T7 endonuclease I. Properties of the enzyme purified from T7 phage-infected Escherichia coli B. J Biol Chem 246:209–216
Scherzinger E, Lanka E, Hillenbrand G (1977) Role of bacteriophage T7 DNA primase in the initiation of DNA strand synthesis. Nucleic Acids Res 4:4151–4163
Seroka K, Wackernagel W (1977) In vivo effects of rec BC DNase, exonuclease I, and DNA polymerases of Escherichia coli on the infectivity of native and single-stranded DNA of bacteriophage T7. J Virol 21:906–912
Spatz HC, Trautner TA (1970) One way to do experiments on gene conversion? Mol Gen Gen 109:84–106
Studier FW (1969) The genetics and physiology of bacteriophage T7. Virology 39:562–574
Studier FW, Hausmann R (1969) Integration of two sets of T7 mutants. Virology 39:587–588
Szybalski W, Kubinski H, Hradecna Z, Summers WC (1971) Analytical and preparative separation of the complementary DNA strands. In: Grossman L, Moldave K (eds) Methods in Enzymology XXI. Academic Press, New York London, pp 383–413
Tsujimoto Y, Ogawa H (1977) Intermediates in genetic recombination of bacteriophage T7 DNA. J Mol Biol 109:423–436
Wagner R, Meselson M (1976) Repair tracts in mischatched DNA heteroduplexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73:4135–4139
Wechsler J, Gross JD (1971) Escherichia coli mutants temperaturesensitive for DNA synthesis. Mol Gen Genet 113:273–284
Wolfson JD, Dressler D, Magazin M (1972) Bacteriophage T7 DNA replication: A linear replicating intermediate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69:499–504
Yamamoto KR, Alberts BM, Benzinger R, Lawhorne L, Treiber G (1970) Rapid bacteriophage sedimentation in the presence of polyethylene glycol and its application to large-scale virus purification. Virology 40:734–744
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by H. Saedler
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bauer, J., Krämmer, G. & Knippers, R. Asymmetric repair of bacteriophage T7 heteroduplex DNA. Molec. Gen. Genet. 181, 541–547 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00428750
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00428750