Summary
In a 2×2×2-design the effects of “number of dials,” “number of irrelevant stimuli” and “kind of motivation” were combined. It was found out, that probabilities of missed signals and false alarms increased with spatial uncertainty. The number of irrelevant stimuli, which were of equal sensory modality as the relevant stimuli, had no influence either on detection probability or on false alarms rate.
Further attempt was made to systematize effects of motivation on vigilance performance in the detection model. With great values for hits and small costs for false alarms (“risky motivation”) there was an essentially higher detection pobability and a slightly higher false alarms rate than with small values for hits and high costs for false detections (“cautious motivation”). The probabilities of detections decreased under risky motivation and increased under cautious motivation as the watch prolonged, whereas the corresponding probabilities of false alarms showed no significant changes.
Zusammenfassung
Mit Hilfe eines 2×2×2-Designs wurde die Wirkung der „Anzahl der Signalflächen“, „Anzahl der irrelevanten Reize“ und „Art der Motivation“ auf die Vigilanzleistung untersucht. Dabei zeigte sich, daß die Wahrscheinlichkeiten von verpaßten Signalen und falschen Alarmen mit der Anzahl der Signalquellen zunehmen. Die Menge der Nicht-Signale gleicher Modalität wie die Signalreize beeinflußt weder die Signalentdeckungen noch die falschen Alarme.
Weiterhin wurde versucht, eine Systematisierung von Motivationswirkungen in Vigilanzaufgaben im Rahmen des detection-Modells vorzunehmen. Bei großen Gewinnen für richtige Signalentdeckungen und geringen Verlusten für falsche Alarme („Risiko-Motivation“) ergab sich eine wesentlich höhere Entdeckungswahrscheinlichkeit und eine geringfügig höhere Rate von falschen Alarmen als bei geringen Gewinnen für richtige Signalentdeckungen und hohen Kosten für falsche Alarme („Vorsichts-Motivation“). Weiterhin zeigte sich unter Risiko-Motivation ein Abfall der Entdeckungswahrscheinlichkeit und bei Vorsichts-Motivation ein Anstieg, während sich die entsprechenden Raten der falschen Alarme im Verlauf der Aufgabe nicht signifikant veränderten.
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Teil I der Dissertation, die im Januar 1969 der Philosophischen Fakultät der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt wurde.
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Müller, G. Allgemeinpsychologische Untersuchungen zum Vigilanzverhalten. Psychol. Forsch. 33, 100–135 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00424980
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00424980