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The emotions and the ergotropic and trophotropic systems

Part II. The tuning of the central nervous system and its psychological implication

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Summary

The activation of the ergotropic or trophotropic system regardless of the procedures through which it is accomplished results in an alteration of the reactivity of the central nervous system for which the term ergotropic or trophotropic tuning is used. Three states of tuning induced by increasing degrees of activation are distinguished. At the first stage of ergotropic tuning the tone and reactivity of the ergotropic system is increased while that of the trophotropic system is reciprocally inhibited. Corresponding changes in reactivity occur during the tuning of the trophotropic system. At the second stage of ergotropic tuning reversal phenomena occur: a stimulus which under control conditions evokes a trophotropic response elicits an ergotropic response in the tuned state. Thus petting produces a rage reaction in the ergotropically tuned state and neutral stimuli which do not evoke any reactions under control conditions evoke ergotropic and trophotropic responses respectively in states of ergotropic and trophotropic tuning. The alterations in the reactivity of the central nervous system in the tuned state is not restricted to inborn (unconditional) reactions but is also demonstrable in response to conditional stimuli. Whereas the activity of the ergotropic and trophotropic systems shows reciprocal relations in stage I and II of tuning, stage III is characterized by simultaneous increased ergotropic and trophotropic discharges. It is believed that at this high degree of ergotropic tuning the ergotropic excitation spills over into the trophotropic system. At the same time pathological symptoms (neurosis, hallucinations) appear. Although changes in the internal environment induced by hypothalamic-hypophyseal discharges modify states of tuning and emotional behavior the chief factor determining mood and emotion is the ergotropic-trophotropic balance.

Zusammenfassung

Die Aktivierung des ergotrophischen oder trophotrophischen Systems durch verschiedene Prozeduren führt eine Änderung der Erregbarkeit des Zentralnervensystems herbei, die als ergo- oder trophotrophische Umstimmung bezeichnet wird. Mit steigender Reizung lassen sich drei verschiedene Stadien solcher Umstimmung unterscheiden. Das erste Stadium der ergotrophischen Umstimmung ist durch erhöhten Tonus und Erregbarkeit des ergotrophischen Systems und gleichzeitiger Hemmung des trophotrophischen Systems charakterisiert. Entsprechende Änderungen der Erregbarkeit werden im Zustand der trophotrophischen Umstimmung beobachtet. Mit stärkerer Reizung des ergotrophischen Systems—im zweiten Stadium der ergotrophischen Umstimmung — treten Umkehrungsvorgänge (reversal) auf. Ein Reiz, der im Kontrollversuch einen trophotrophischen Erfolg hat, ruft eine ergotrophische Antwort unter den Bedingungen der ergotrophischen Umstimmung hervor. Streicheln zum Beispiel ruft im zweiten Stadium der ergotrophischen Umstimmung eine Wutreaktion hervor, und neutrale Reize, die im Kontrollversuch keine Wirkung ausüben, rufen während ergotrophischer Umstimmung eine ergotrophische und während trophotrophischer Umstimmung eine trophotrophische Reaktion hervor. Die Veränderungen der Erregbarkeit gelten auch für bedingte Reize. Im Gegensatz zu dem ersten und zweiten Stadium der Umstimmung, in dem ergotrophische und trophotrophische Prozesse Reziprozität zeigen, treten im dritten Umstimmungsstadium ergotrophische und trophotrophische Entladungen gleichzeitig auf. Es wird angenommen, daß in diesem hohen Grade von Umstimmung die ergotrophische Erregung in das trophotrophische System überfließt. Gleichzeitig treten pathologische Symptome auf (Neurose, Halluzinationen). Obwohl Änderungen im inneren Milieu durch hypothalamische und hypophyseale Entladungen verursacht werden und die Umstimmung und emotionale Erregbarkeit beeinflussen, wird das durch nervöse Prozesse regulierte ergotrophisch-trophotrophische Gleichgewicht als Hauptfaktor angesehen, der Stimmung und Gefühlserregung bestimmt.

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    E. Gellhorn

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Gellhorn, E. The emotions and the ergotropic and trophotropic systems. Psychol. Forsch. 34, 67–94 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00422863

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