Skip to main content
Log in

Actual new cancer-causing hydrazines, hydrazides, and hydrazones

Aktuelle neue krebsverursachende Hydrazine, Hydrazide und Hydrazone

  • Guest Editorial
  • Published:
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Zwanzig aktuelle neue krebsverursachende Hydrazine, Hydrazide und Hydrazone synthetischer oder natürlicher Herkunft werden beschrieben. Diese Substanzen induzieren bei Mäusen, Hamstern und Ratten Tumoren in verschiedenen Zielgeweben. Die Bevölkerung ist neun dieser Verbindungen in Form von Arzneimitteln, Herbiziden oder natürlich vorkommenden Inhaltsstoffen von eßbaren Pilzen ausgesetzt. Bis auf eine Ausnahme ist keines der hier beschriebenen Hydrazine auf krebsinduzierende Eigenschaften beim Menschen untersucht. Die Bevölkerung sollte vor der Verwendung dieser gefährlichen Substanzklasse, deren Gesamtzahl nun 40 Verbindungen umfaßt, gewarnt werden.

Summary

Twenty actual new cancer-causing hydrazines, hydrazides, and hydrazones of synthetic or natural origin are described. These compounds induce tumors in various target tissues in mice, hamsters, and rats. To nine of these compounds the human population is exposed in the form of drugs, agricultural herbicides, and naturally occurring ingredients of edible mushrooms. Yet, with one exception, none of the hydrazines described here were investigated for cancer-inducing abilities in man. The human population should be warned against the use of this hazardous class of chemicals, the total number of which is now 40.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Cohen SM, Ertürk E, Bryan T (1970) Carcinogenicity of formic acid 2-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]-hydrazide in Swiss mice. Cancer Res 30:906–912

    Google Scholar 

  • Colvin LB (1969) Metabolic fate of hydrazine and hydrazides. J Pharm Sci 58:1433–1443

    Google Scholar 

  • Croft WA, Bryan T (1973) Production of urinary bladder carcinomas in male hamsters by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide, N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazole]-acetamide, or formic acid 2-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]hydrazide. J Natl Cancer Inst 51:941–949

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniels EG, Kelly RB, Hinman JW (1961) Agaritine: An improved isolation procedure and confirmation of structure by synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 83:3333–3334

    Google Scholar 

  • Dearness J (1924) Gyromitra poisoning. Mycologia 16:199

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodd MC, Stillman WB (1944) The in vitro bacteriostatic action of some simple furan derivatives. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 82:11–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Druckrey H, Preussmann R, Ivankovic S, Schmähl D (1967) Organotrope carcinogene Wirkungen bei 65 verschiedenen N-Nitroso-Verbindungen an BD-Ratten. Z Krebsforsch 69:103–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Edgerton LJ, Lisk DJ (1974) Some effects of applying SADH annually for 10 years on three apple cultivars. Int Hort Congress

  • Eichhorn GL (1973) Inorganic biochemistry, 2nd Vol. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein SS, Andrea J, Jaffe H, Joshi S, Falk H, Mantel N (1967) Carcinogenicity of the herbicide maleic hydrazide. Nature 215:1388–1390

    Google Scholar 

  • Ertürk, E, Morris JE, Cohen SM, Price JM, Bryan GT (1970) Transplantable rat mammary tumors induced by 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone and by formic acid 2-[4-(5nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]hydrazide. Cancer Res 30:1409–1412

    Google Scholar 

  • Faure J, Beaudoing A, Cau G (1965) A propos d'une intoxication mortelle par les fausses morilles (Gyromitra esculenta). Bull Med Leg Tox Med 8:83–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman P, Ingelfinger JA, Friedman PA (1977) Metronidazole, isoniazid, and the threat of human cancer. In: Hiat HH, Watson JD, Weinstein, JA (eds) Origins of Human Cancer, Book A. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, pp 465–474

  • Goodman LS, Gilman A (1975) The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 5th edn. MacMillan Publ, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamada M, Takeuchi T, Kondo S, Ikeda Y, Naganawa H, Maeda K, Okami Y, Umezawa HA (1970) New antibiotic, negamycin. J Antibiot 23:170–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammond EC, Selikoff IJ, Robitzek EH (1967) Isoniazid therapy in relation to later occurrence of cancer in adults and in infants. Br Med J 2:792–795

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardy RWF, Burs RC, Parshall GW (1971) The biochemistry of N2 fixation. Adv Chem Ser 100: 219–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardy RWF, Havelka UD (1975) Nitrogen fixation research: A key to world food? Science 188:633–643

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendricks HV (1940) Poisoning by false morel (Gyromitra esculenta). J Am Med Assoc 114:1625

    Google Scholar 

  • IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man (1974a) Vol. 7. Some antithyroid and related substances, nitrofurans, and industrial chemicals. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

  • IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man (1974b) Vol. 4. Some aromatic amines, hydrazine, and related substances, N-nitroso compounds and miscellaneous alkylating agents. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

  • Juhász J, Baló J, Kendrey G (1957) Az isonikotinsavhydrazid (INH) daganatkeltö hatásának kisérletes vizsgálata. A Tuberkulózis 34:49–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Juchau MR, Horita A (1972) Metabolism of hydrazine derivatives of pharmacologic interest. Drug Metab Rev 1:71–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalmár Z, Makara G (1973) Ehetö és, mérges gombák. 3rd ed. Mezógazdasági Kiadó Budapest

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly RB, Daniels EG, Hinman JW (1962) Agaritine: Isolation, degradation, and synthesis. J Org Chem 27:3229–3231

    Google Scholar 

  • Kondo S, Shibakara S, Takahashi S, Maeda K, Umezawa H, Ohno M (1971) Negamycin, a novel hydrazide antibiotic. J Am Chem Soc 93:6305–6306

    Google Scholar 

  • LaRue TA (1977) Naturally occurring compounds containing a nitrogen-nitrogen bond Lloydia 40:307–321

    Google Scholar 

  • Levenberg B (1960) Structure and enzymatic cleavage of agaritine, a new phenylhydrazide of l-glutamic acid isolated for agaricaceae. J Am Chem Soc 83:503–504

    Google Scholar 

  • Levenberg B (1964) Isolation and structure of agaritine, an γ-glutamyl-substituted arylhydrazine derivative from agaricaceae. J Biol Chem 239:2267–2273

    Google Scholar 

  • List PH, Luft P (1968a) Gyromitrin, das Gift der Frühjahrslorchel. Arch Pharm 301:294–305

    Google Scholar 

  • List PH, Luft P (1968b) Gyromitrin, das Gift der Frühjahrslorchel Helvella (Gyromitra) esculenta Pres ex FR. Z Pilzkunde 34:3–8

    Google Scholar 

  • List PH, Luft P (1969) Nachweis und Gehaltsbestimmung von Gyromitrin in frischen Lorcheln. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 302:143–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Maw GA, Flegg PB (1974) The mushroom as a source of dietary protein. In: Glasshouse Crop Annual Report. Littlehampton, England, pp 137–151

  • The Merck Index (1976) 9th ed. Merck and Co, Rahway NJ

  • Milia U, Biancifiori C, Gaetani M (1964) Azione carcinogenetica dell'acido 4-(isonicotinil-idrazone)-pimelico(4-INIP) in topi Balb/c/Cb/se substrain. Lav Ist Anat Istol Patol Perugia 24:39–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller OK (1972) Mushrooms of North America. Dutton, EP and Co Inc, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris JE, Price TM, Lalich JJ, Stein RJ (1969) The carcinogenic activity of some 5-nitrofuran derivatives in the rat. Cancer Res 29:2145–2156

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagel D, Toth B, Kupper R (1976a) Formation of methylhydrazine from acetaldehyde N-methyl-N-formylhydrazone of Gyromitra esculenta. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 17:9

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagel D, Toth B, Kupper R, Erickson J (1976b), trimethylhydrazine hydrochloride as a tumor inducer in Swiss mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 57:187–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagel D, Wallcave L, Toth B, Kupper R (1977) Formation of methylhydrazine from acetaldehyde N-methyl-N-formylhydrazone, a component of Gyromitra esculenta. Cancer Res 37:3458–3460

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyysalo H (1975) Some new toxic compounds in false morels, Gyromitra esculenta. Naturwissenschaften 62:395

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyysalo H (1976) Tests for gyromitrin, a poisonous compound in false morel Gyromitra esculenta. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 160:325–330

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyysao H, Honkanen E (1976) Mass spectra of some N-methyl-N-formylhydrazones. Acta Chem Scand 30:792–793

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyysalo H, Niskanen A (1977) On the occurrence of N-methyl-N-formylhydrazones in fresh and processed false morel, Gyromitra esculenta. J Agr Food Chem 25:644–647

    Google Scholar 

  • Savonius M (1973) Mushrooms and fungi. Octopus Books, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmeltz I, Hoffmann D, Toth B (1977) Hydrazines: Occurrence, analysis, and carcinogenic activity as related to structure. Proceedings of Symposium on “Structural Correlates of Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis: A Guide to testing Priorities”? FDA/OS, pp 172–178

  • Schmidlin-Mészáros J (1975) Gyromitrin in Trockenlorcheln (Gyromitra esculenta sicc.) Mitt Gebiete Lebensm Hyg 65:453–465

    Google Scholar 

  • Severi L, Biancifiori C (1968) Hepatic carcinogenesis in CBA/Cb/Se mice and Cb/Se rats by isonicotinic acid hydrazide and hydrazine sulfate. J Natl Cancer Inst 41:331–349

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu H, Hayashi K, Takemura N (1978) Relationship between mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of hydrazine derivatives. Jap J Hyg 33:474–485

    Google Scholar 

  • Simons DM (1971) The mushroom toxins. Del Med J 43:177–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Sollmann T (1957) Manual of pharmacology and its applications to therapeutics and toxicology 8 edn. Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Takai H, Yoshida M, Iida T, Matsubara I, Shirahata K (1976) A new antibiotic XK-90. II. Structure of XK-90. J Antibiot 29:1253–1257

    Google Scholar 

  • Takasawa S, Yamamoto M, Akachi R, Kawamoto I, Sato S, Nara T (1976). A New antibiotic XK-90. I. Taxonomy of the producing organism, fermentation, isolation, and physicochemical and biological properties. J Antibiot 29:1015–1018

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B (1972) Hydrazine, methylhydrazine, and methylhydrazine sulfate carcinogenesis in Swiss mice. Failure of ammonium hydroxide to interfere in the development of tumors. Int. J. Cancer 9:105–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B (1973) 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine (unsymmetrical) carcinogenesis in mice. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies on neoplastic blood vessels. J Natl Cancer Inst 50:181–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B (1975) Synthetic and naturally occurrig hydrazines as possible cancer-causative agents. Cancer Res 35:3693–3697

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B (1976) Tumorigenicity of β-phenylethylhydrazine sulfate in mice. Cancer Res 36:917–921

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B (1977a) Tumorigenesis with 4-methylphenylhydrazine hydrochloride in mice. Fed Proc 36:1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B (1977b) Tumor induction studies with hydrazine derivative ingredients of mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus and Gyromitra esculenta. Eur Ass Cancer Res Abstracts and Programme 68

  • Toth B (1978a) Additional series of carcinogenic hydrazimes. XII. Int Cancer Congress, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Abstract 1:30–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B (1978b) Formylhydrazine carcinogenesis in mice. Br J Cancer 37:960–964

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B (1978c) The tumorigenic effect of 1-hydrazinophthalazine hydrochloride in mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 61:1363–1365

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Erickson J (1977) Reversal of the toxicity of hydrazine analogues by pyridoxine hydrochloride. Toxicology 7:31–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Erickson J (1978) Lung tumorigenesis by 1,2-diformylhydrazine in mice. Z Krebsforsch 92:11–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Nagel D (1976a) Structure activity studies with methylated hydrazines in tumorigenesis. Fed Proc 35:409

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Nagel D (1976b) Tumorigenesis investigations with β-phenylethylhydrazine sulfate (PEH), phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PH), and allyhydrazine hydrochloride (AH) in mice. Proc Am J Pathol 82:40a-41a

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Nagel D (1976c) Tumor induction study with allylhydrazine hydrochloride in Swiss mice. Br J Cancer 34:90–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Nagel D (1977a) Cancer induction with N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine, an ingredient of the false morel. II Int Mycol Congress 2:674

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Nagel D (1977b) Tumorigenicity of the N′-acetyl derivative of 4-hydroxymethylphenylhydrazine, ingredient of Agaricus bisporus. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 18:15

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Nagel D (1977c) Tumor induction with trimethylhydrazine hydrochloride in the Syrian golden hamster. J Natl Cancer Inst 59:431–433

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Nagel D (1978a) Carcinogenesis in the Syrian golden hamster by N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine (MFH) of the false morel mushroom. Fed Proc 37:231

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth, B., Nagel D (1978b) Mushroom toxin: N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine carcinogenesis in mice. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 19:42

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Nagel D (1978c) Tumors induced in mice by N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine of the false morel Gyromitra esculenta. J Natl Cancer Inst 60:201–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Nagel D, Erickson J, Kupper R (1976) Tumorigenicity of tetramethylhydrazine hydrochloride in Swiss mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 67:1179–1183

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Nagel D, Patil K, Erickson J, Antonson K (1978) Tumor induction with N′-acetyl derivative of 4-hydroxymethylphenylhydrazine, a metabolite of agaritine of Agaricus bisporus. Cancer Res 38:177–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Nagel D, Shimizu H, Sornson H, Issenberg P, Erickson J (1975) Tumorigenicity of n propyl-n amyl-and allyl-hydrazines. Toxicity of agaritine. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 16:61

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Patil K (1979) Carcinogenic effects in the Syrian golden hamster of N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine of the false morel mushroom Gyromitra esculenta. J Cancer Res clin Oncol 93:100–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Patil K, Erickson J, Kupper R (1979) False morel mushroom Gyromitra esculenta toxin: N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine carcinogenesis in mice. Mycopathology 68:121–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Shimizu H (1973) Methylhydrazine tumorigenesis in Syrian golden hamsters and the morphology of malignant histiocytomas. Cancer Res 33:2744–2753

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Shimizu H (1976) Tumorigenic effect of chronic administration of benzylhydrazine dihydrochloride and phenylhydrazine hydrochloride in Swiss mice. Z Krebsforsch 87:267–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Shublik P (1966) Carcinogenesis in Swiss mice by isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Cancer Res 26:1473–1475

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Tompa A (1977) Tumor induction with succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide, a plant growth regulant. Proc Am J Pathol 86:25a-26a

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Tompa A, Patil K (1977a) Tumorigenic effect of 4-methylphenylhydrazine hydrochloride in Swiss mice. Z Krebsforsch 89:245–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Wallcave L, Patil K, Schmeltz I, Hoffmann D (1977b) Induction of tumors in mice with the herbicide, succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide. Cancer Res 37:3497–3500

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth B, Wilson RB (1971) Blood vessel tumorigenesis by 1-2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (symmetrical). Gross, light and electron microscopic descriptions. I Am J Pathol 64:585–600

    Google Scholar 

  • Uehara Y, Kondo S, Umezawa H, Suzukake K, Hori N (1972) Negamycin, a miscoding antibiotic with unique sructure. J Antibiot 25:685–688

    Google Scholar 

  • Umber F (1916) Vorsicht beim Morchelgenuß! Dtsch Med Wochenschr 42:627

    Google Scholar 

  • US Department of Agriculture Statistical Reportig Service, Crop Reporting Board (1976) Mushrooms, Vg 2-1-2. Washington DC, pp 1–4

  • US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Food and Drug Administration (1970) Food additives regulations under the Federal food, drug, and cosmetics Act, Part 121, Chapter I. Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Paragraph 121, p 1006

  • US Tariff Commission (1970) Synthetic organic chemicals. US Production and Sales TC Publication 479

  • US Tariff Commission (1972) Synthetic organic chemicals. US Production and Sales of Pesticides and Related Products. Preliminary, August 1972

  • Weisburger JH, Griswald DP, Prejean JD, Casey AE, Wood HB, Weisburger EK (1975) The carcinogenic properties of some of the principal drugs used in clinical cancer chemotherapy. Rec Res Cancer Res 52:1–17

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

The “Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology” publishes in loose succession “Editorials” and “Guest Editorials” on actual and/or controversial problems in experimental and clinical oncology. These contributions represent exclusively the personal opinion of the author. The Editors Die Zeitschrift “Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology” bringt in zwangloser Folge “Editorials” und “Guest Editorials” zu aktuellen und/oder kontroversen Problemen der experimentellen und klinischen Onkologie. Diese Beiträge geben ausschließlich die persönliche Meinung des Autors wieder. Die Herausgeber

This work was supported by Public Health Service contract NO1 CP05629 from the National Cancer Institute, NIH, USA

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Toth, B. Actual new cancer-causing hydrazines, hydrazides, and hydrazones. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 97, 97–108 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00409895

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00409895

Schlüsselwörter

Key words

Navigation