Skip to main content
Log in

The fine structure of frozen-etched bacillus cereus spores

  • Published:
Archiv für Mikrobiologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The fine structure of Bacillus cereus spores was studied using the freeze-etching technique and compared with that already described in chemically fixed cells. Although the basic structures did not appear different, the freeze-etching technique permitted the examination of membrane surfaces and their involvement in sporulation. In this respect, some membranes were found to be covered with small 120 Å particles believed to represent multi-enzyme complexes, while other membranes appeared relatively smooth.

One feature revealed by the freeze-etching technique and not demonstrated in chemically fixed cells, was the presence of relatively large (500 Å) vesicular structures. In many instances these vesicles were closely associated with different layers or membranes in the developing spore. While the role of these vesicular structures is as yet undetermined, their possible connection with the lytic process which liberates the spore from the sporangium, is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bishop, H. L., and R. H. Doi: Isolation and characterization of ribosomes from Bacillus subtilis spores. J. Bact. 91, 695–701 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitz-James, P. C.: Participation of the cytoplasmic membrane in the growth and spore formation of Bacilli. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 8, 507–528 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Spore formation in wild and mutant strains of B. cereus and some effects of inhibitors, pp. 529–544. In: Méchanismes de regulation des activités cellulaires chez les microorganismes. Marseilles, France: Coll. Int. C.N.R.S. 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Sporulation in protoplasts and its dependance on prior forespore development. J. Bact. 87, 667–675 (1964).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gerhardt, P., and E. Ribi: Ultrastructure of the exosporium enveloping spores of Bacillus cereus. J. Bact. 88, 1774–1789 (1964).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halvorson, H.: Physiology of sporulation, pp. 223–264. In I. C. Gunsalus, and R. Y. Stanier (ed.): The Bacteria, Vol. IV. New York: Academic Press 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Sequential expression of biochemical events during intracellular differentiation. pp. 343–368. In M. R. Pollack, and M. H. Richmond (ed.): Function and structure in microorganisms, 15th Symp. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. Cambridge: Univ. Press 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellenberger, E., A. Ryter, and J. Sèchaud: Electron microscope studies of DNA-containing plasms. II. Vegetative and mature DNA as compared with normal bacterial nucleoids in differing physiological states. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 4, 671–676 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lampen, J. O.: Secretion of enzymes by microorganisms, pp. 115–133. In M. R. Pollack and M. H. Richmond (ed.): Function and structure in microorganisms, 15th Symp. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. Cambridge Univ. Press 1965.

  • Lundgren, D. G., and C. C. Remsen: Fine structure of an asporogenic mutant of Bacillus cereus. J. Bact. 91, 2096–2098 (1966).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • —, and J. M. Merrick: Structure of poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) granules. J. gen. Microbiol. 34, 441–446 (1964).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moor, H.: Die Gefrier-Fixation lebender Zellen und ihre Anwendung in der Elektronenmikroskopie. Z. Zellforsch. 62, 546–580 (1964).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • —, and K. Mühlethaler: Fine structure in frozen-etched yeast cells. J. Cell Biol. 17, 609–628 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, and A. Frey-Wyssling: A new freezing ultramicrotome. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 10, 1–13 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mühlethaler, K., H. Moor, and J. W. Szarkowski: The ultrastructure of the chloroplast lamellae. Planta (Berl.) 67, 305–323 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohye, D. F., and W. G. Murrell: Formation and structure of the spore of Bacillus coagulans. J. Cell Biol. 14, 111–123 (1962).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfister, R. M., and D. G. Lundgren: Electron microscopy of polyribosomes within Bacillus cereus. J. Bact. 88, 1119–1129 (1964).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Remsen, C. C., and D. G. Lundgren: Multiple septation in variants of Bacillus cereus. J. Bact. 90, 1426–1431 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • —, and R. A. Slepecky: Inhibition of the development of the spore septum and membranes in Bacillus cereus by beta-phenethyl alcohol. J. Bact. 91, 324–331 (1966).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, J. D.: The ultrastructure of cell membranes and derivation. Biochem. Symp. 16, 3–43 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryter, A.: Étude morphologique de la sporulation de Bacillus subtilis. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 108, 40–60 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, and F. Jacob: Étude au microscope électronique de la liaison entre noyaux et mesosome chez Bacillus subtilis. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 107, 384–400 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, and P. Schaeffer: Étude au microscope électronique de mutants asporogènes de Bacillus subtilis. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 252, 2675–2677 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Steere, R. L.: Electron microscopy of structural details in frozen biological specimens. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 3, 45–60 (1957).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tokuysa, K., and E. Yamada: Fine structure of B. subtilis. II. Sporulation progress. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 5, 129–134 (1959).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warth, A. D., D. H. Ohye, and W. G. Murrell: The composition and structure of bacterial spores. J. Cell Biol. 16, 593–609 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young, I. E.: Characteristics of an abortively disporic variant of B. cereus. J. Bact. 88, 242–254 (1964).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Remsen, C.C. The fine structure of frozen-etched bacillus cereus spores. Archiv. Mikrobiol. 54, 266–275 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00408999

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00408999

Keywords

Navigation