Summary
-
1.
Synchronized cells of Chlorella fusca Shihira et Krauss were studied by means of the electron microscope in a developmental stage preceding cellular cleavage.
-
2.
The cell wall consists of a thin but complex layer intensely staining with KMnO4 and a thicker inner layer which could only be contrasted by lead hydroxide. The inner layer contains a densely interwoven network of fibrils presumably consisting of cellulose.
-
3.
The chloroplast shows some deep incisions so that it is divided into several patches. It is not known whether these form a coherent system or not.
-
4.
There are no chloroplast lamellae (thylakoids) in the central body of the pyrenoid which is surrounded by several starch plates.
-
5.
The elements of the endoplasmic reticulum are preferentially situated in the outer region of the cytoplasm between the chloroplast and the plasma membrane. They appear to be mostly flattened vesicles.
-
6.
The mitochondria are also concentrated in the periphery of the cell. They are rodshaped, strongly bent in many directions and very poor in inner structures.
-
7.
The dictyosomes are regularly lying between the pyrenoid and the nucleus, thus revealing a certain polarity of the cell.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literatur
Albertson, P. A., and H. Leyon: The structure of chloroplasts. V. Chlorella pyrenoidosa Pringsheim studied by means of electron microscopy. Exp. Cell Res. 7, 388–290 (1954).
Chodat, R.: Monographies d'algues en culture pure. In: Matériaux pour la flore cryptogamique suisse, 4, Bern: K. J. Wyss 1913.
Drawert, H., u. M. Mix: Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Desmidiaceen. VII. Mitt. Der Golgi-Apparat von Micrasterias rotata nach Fixierung mit Kaliumpermanganat und Osmiumtetroxyd. Mikroskopie 16, 207–212 (1961a).
——: VIII. Mitt. Die Chondriosomen von Micrasterias rotata. Flora (Jena) 151, 487–508 (1961b).
—Drawert, H., u. M. Mix: IX. Mitt. Die Struktur der Pyrenoide von Micrasterias rotata. Planta (Berl.) 58, 50
——: IV. Mitt. Beiträge zur elektronenmikroskopischen Struktur des Interphasekernes von Micrasterias rotata. Z. Naturforsch. 16b, 546–551 (1961c).
Gibbs, S. P.: The fine structure of Euglena gracilis with special reference to the chloroplasts and pyrenoids. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 4, 127–148 (1960).
Grintzesco, J.: Contributions à l'étude des Protococcacées: Chlorella vulgaris. Rev. gén. bot. 15 (1903).
de Haller, L., et C. Rouiller: La structure fine de Chlorogonium elongatum. I. Étude systématique au microscope électronique. J. Protozool. 8, 452–462 (1961).
Heitz, E.: Das lamelläre Dünn-Dick-Muster der Chloroplasten von Chlamydomonas, Euglena, Vaucheria. Z. Zellforsch. 53, 444–448 (1961).
Hollande, A.: Étude cytologique et biologique de quelques flagellés libres. Volvocales, Cryptomonadines, Euglénines, Protomastigines. Arch. Zool. exp. Gen. 83, 1–268 (1942).
Hovasse, R., et L. Joyon: Sur l'ultrastructure de la chrysomonadine Hydrurus foetidus. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 245, 110–113 (1957).
James, W. O.: Plant respiration. Oxford 1953.
Karnovsky, M. J.: Simple methods for “staining with lead” at highph in electron microscopy. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 11, 729–732 (1961).
Kreutz, W., u. W. Menke: Strukturuntersuchungen an Plastiden. III. Röntgenographische Untersuchungen an isolierten Chloroplasten und Chloroplasten lebender Zellen. Z. Naturforsch. 17b, 675–683 (1962).
Lang, N. J.: Electron microscopy of the Volvocaceae and Astrephomenaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 50, 280–300 (1963).
Leyon, H.: The structure of chloroplasts. III. Exp. Cell Res. 6, 497–505 (1954).
Leyon, H. u. D. von Wettstein: Der Chormatophoren-Feinbau bei den Phaeophyceen. Z. Naturforsch. 9b, 471–475 (1954).
Lefort, M.: Étude de l'infrastructure plastidiale d'un mutant chlorophyllien du Chlorella vulgaris. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 254, 2414–2416 (1962).
Lorenzen, H.: Die photosynthetische Sauerstoffproduktion wachsender Chlorella bei langfristig intermittierender Belichtung. Flora (Jena) 147, 382–404 (1959).
Manton, I., and M. Parker: Further observations on a small green flagellate with special reference to possible relations of Chromulina pusilla Butcher. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 39, 275–298 (1960).
Manton, I., and G. F. Leedale: Further observations on the fine structure of Chrysochromulina ericina Parke and Manton. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U. K. 41, 145–155 (1961a).
——: Observations on the fine structure of Paraphysomonas vestita with special reference to the Golgi apparatus and the origin of scales. Phycol. 1, 37–57 (1961b).
Menke, W.: Structure and chemistry of plastids. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 13, 27–44 (1962).
—, u. B. Fricke: Einige Beobachtungen an Prototheca ciferrii. Portug. Acta biol. A 6, 243–252 (1962).
Mercer, F. V., L. Bogorad and R. Mullens: Studies with Cyanidium caldarium. I. The fine structure and systematic position of the organism. J. Cell Biol. 13, 393–402 (1962).
Meyer, H.: Das Chlorose- und Panaschürenproblem bei Chlorellen. I. Teil. Beih. Bot. Centralbl., 1. Abt. 49, 496–544 (1932).
Moner, J. G., and G. B. Chapman: The development of adult cell form in Pediastrum biradiatum Meyen as revealed by the electron microscope. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 4, 26–42 (1960).
Murakami, S., Y. Morimura, and A. Takamiya: Electron microscope studies along cellular life cycle of Chlorella ellipsoidea. In: Microalgae and Photosynthetic Bacteria, p. 65–83. Tokyo 1963.
Northcote, D. H., K. J. Goulding, and R. W. Horne: The chemical composition and structure of the cell wall of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Biochem. J. 70, 391–397 (1958).
———: The chemical composition and structure of the cell wall of Hydrodietyon africanum Yaman. Biochem. J. 77, 503–508 (1960).
Parke, M., J. W. G. Lund, and I. Manton: Observations on the biology and fine structure of the type species of Chrysochromulina (C. parva Lackey) in the English Lake district. Arch. Mikrobiol. 42, 333–352 (1962).
Pirson, A.: Synchronanzucht von Algen im Licht-Dunkel-Wechsel. Vortr. Ges. geb. Bot., N. F. 1, 178–186 (1962).
— u. H. Lorenzen: Ein endogener Zeitfaktor bei der Zellteilung von Chlorella. Z. Bot. 46, 53–66 (1958).
Pirson, A. H. Lorenzen, u. H. G. Ruppel: Der Licht-Dunkel-Wechsel als synchronisiendes Prinzip. In: Microalgae and Photosynthetic Bacteria, p. 127–139. Tokyo 1963.
Ried, A., C. J. Soeder u. I. Müller: Über die Atmung synchron kultivierter chlorella. I. Veränderungen des respiratorischen Gaswechsels im Laufe des Entwicklungscyclus. Arch. Mikrobiol. 45, 343–358 (1963).
Sager, R., and G. E. Palade: Structure and development of the chloroplast in Chlamydomonas. I. The normal green cell. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 3, 463–488 (1957).
Schnepf, E.: Zur Feinstruktur der Drüsen von Drosophyllum lusitanicum. Planta (Berl.) 54, 641–674 (1960).
Shihira, I., and R. W. Krauss: Chlorella: Physiology and taxonomy of forty-one isolates. Baltimore, Port City Press 1964 (im Druck).
Siegesmund, K. A., W. G. Rosen, and S. R. Gawlik: Effects of darkness and of streptomycin on the fine structure of Euglena gracilis. Amer. J. Bot. 49, 137–145 (1962).
Soeder, C. J.: Notizen zur Zellentwicklung von Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Arch. Protistenk. 104, 559–568 (1960).
Soeder, C. J. Weitere zellmorphologische und physiologische Merkmale von Chlorella-Arten. In: Microalgae and Photosynthetic Bacteria, p. 21–34. Tokyo 1963.
Sceder, C. J. Die Protoplastenteilung von Chlorella fusca. (1964, im Druck).
Soeder, C. J., u. A. Ried: Über den Verlauf der Sporulation und der Protoplastenteilung von Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Arch. Mikrobiol. 42, 176–189 (1962).
Ueda, K.: Structure of plant cells with special reference to lower plants. IV. Structure of Trachelomonas. Cytologia (Tokyo) 25, 8–16 (1960).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Soeder, C.J. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an ungeteilten Zellen von Chlorella fusca Shihira et Krauss. Archiv. Mikrobiol. 47, 311–324 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00408947
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00408947