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Regulation of the slow Ca++ channels of myocardial cells

  • Part I: Cardiac Development and Regulation
  • Published:
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Abstract

Contraction of the heart is regulated by a number of mechanisms, such as neurotransmitters, hormones, autacoids, pH, intracellular ATP, and Ca++ ions. These actions are mediated, at least in part, by actions on the sarcolemmal slow (L-type) Ca++ channels, exerted directly or indirectly. The major mechanisms for the regulation of the slow Ca++ channels of myocardial cells includes the following. cAMP/PK-A phosphorylation stimulates the slow Ca` channel activity, whereas cGMP/PK-G phosphorylation inhibits. DAG/PK-C phosphorylation and tyrosine kinase phosphorylation are suggested to stimulate the slow Ca++ channel activity. Intracellular application of Gsα protein increases the slow Ca++ currents (ICa(L)). Lowering of intracellular ATP inhibits ICa(L). Acidosis and increase in [Ca]i inhibits ICa(L). A number of changes in the Ca++ channels also occur during development and aging. Thus, it appears that the slow Ca++ channel is a complex structure, including perhaps several associated regulatory proteins, which can be regulated by a number of extrinsic and intrinsic factors, and thereby control can be exercised over the force of contraction of the heart.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    N. Sperelakis, Y. Katsube & H. Yokoshiki

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University, Japan

    H. Sada

  3. Department of Physiology, Hiroshima University, Japan

    K. Sumii

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  1. N. Sperelakis
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  2. Y. Katsube
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  3. H. Yokoshiki
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  4. H. Sada
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  5. K. Sumii
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Sperelakis, N., Katsube, Y., Yokoshiki, H. et al. Regulation of the slow Ca++ channels of myocardial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 163, 85–98 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00408644

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