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Percutaneous absorption of lindane in healthy volunteers and scabies patients

Dependency of penetration kinetics in serum upon frequency of application, time and mode of washing

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Summary

A 0.3% lindane emulsion was applied to the entire body of volunteers with a healthy skin and that of scabious patients. The resulting lindane levels in the serum were followed up over periods of 143 and 55h, respectively. The lindane levels in the serum were determined with the aid of gas chromatography. A comparative evaluation of a number of modifications of therapy in accordance with the common ways of treatment was conducted using criteria, such as frequency of application, removal of the applied preparation by washing with water (shower) with and without soap, or by means of a complete bath without soap (in the case of dermatologic patients) at various times after topical application.

On the basis of the data obtained, the following findings were established:

  1. 1.

    At present, normal persons aged 23 and living in a large German city were found to exhibit lindane levels of approximately 3 ng/ml (0.003 ppm) in their blood serum.

  2. 2.

    Scabious patients hospitalized in a large city had initial values on the day of their hospitalization exceeding those of normal persons by a factor of 10 (around 0.04 ppm). This has been assumed to be due to ineffective and sporadic pretreatment.

    Despite application of lindane to the entire body (three times at 24 h intervals), the maximal levels occurring approximately 4–6 h after application always dropped to similar values (around 10 ng/ml) within 3–5 h.

  3. 3.

    In volunteers with healthy skin, absorption was reduced by taking showers (and using water and soap) only if an extended period (8\2-12 h) had passed since application. Washing to prevent \ldabsorption of the poison\rd shortly after application improved absorption rather than prevented it. In dermatologic patients, complete baths taken 10 h after topical application seemed to enhance absorption.

  4. 4.

    Serum levels of up to 0.425 ppm were found in male patients whose integument was not intact (generalized excoriated and impetiginized scabies). In males with a healthy skin, extreme values were found to be around 0.0095 ppm.

Zusammenfassung

Nach lokaler Ganzkörper-Applikation einer 0,3%igen Lindan-Emulsion bei hautgesunden Probanden und bei scabieserkrankten Patienten wurde die Konzentration von Lindan im Serum während 143 bzw. 55 h untersucht. Die Bestimmung erfolgte gaschromatographisch. Verschiedene den üblichen Therapiearten angepaßte Variationen der Behandlungsweise wurden vergleichend durchgeführt. Kriterien wie Applikationshäufigkeit, Abwaschen des applizierten Präparates mit Wasser (Duschen) unter Verwendung von Seife bzw. keiner Seife oder Vollbad ohne Seife bei Hautkranken jeweils zu verschiedenen Zeiten nach der lokalen Applikation wurden herausgearbeitet.

Aus den vorliegenden Daten kann folgendes festgehalten werden:

  1. 1.

    Normalpersonen (im Alter von 23) einer deutschen Gro\sBstadt haben im jetzigen Zeitraum eine Lindan-Konzentration von etwa 3 ng/ml (0,003 ppm) im Blutserum.

  2. 2.

    Scabieskranke, die in einer Gro\sBstadt zur station\:aren Einweisung kommen, haben am Aufnahmetag einen zehnfach h\:oheren Ausgangswert (um 0,04 ppm), wahrscheinlich bedingt durch ineffektive sporadische Vorbehandlungen.

    Trotz dreimaliger lokaler Ganzkörperbehandlung im Abstand von 24 h sinkt das etwa 4–6 h danach auftretende Konzentrationmaximum innerhalb 3–5 h stets auf ähnliche Werte (um 10 ng/ml) ab.

  3. 3.

    Abduschen mit Wasser und Seife verringert bei Hautgesunden die Resorption nur, wenn dies erst l\:angere Zeit (8\2-12 h) nach der Applikation erfolgt. Kurzfristiges Abwaschen zur Verhinderung einer \ldGiftresorption\rd bewirkt das Gegenteil vom Gew\:unschten. Vollb\:ader bei Hautkranken 10 h nach der Lokalapplikation scheint die Resorption zu verst\:arken.

  4. 4.

    Bei nicht intaktem Integument (generalisierte excoriierte impetiginisierte Scabies) werden bei M\:annern Serumkonzentrationen von maximal 0,425 ppm gefunden. Der Extremwert bei hautgesunden M\:annern lag bei 0,0095 ppm.

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Lange, M., Nitzsche, K. & Zesch, A. Percutaneous absorption of lindane in healthy volunteers and scabies patients. Arch Dermatol Res 271, 387–399 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00406683

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00406683

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