Zusammenfassung
N-Methyl-N-formylhydrazin (MFH)_wurde als 0,0078% ige Lösung in Trinkwasser an Syrische Goldhamster eigener Kolonie ab einem Alter von 6 Wochen auf Lebenszeit verabreicht. Die Behandlung rief benigne und maligne Leberzelltumoren, maligne Histiocytome und Tumoren der Gallenblase und der Gallengänge vor. Die Tumorinzidenz erreichte in diesen vier untersuchten Geweben 43, 34, 11 bzw. 8%, während sie bei den unbehandelten Kontrollen jeweils 0% betrug. Histologisch wurden die Tumoren als benigne Hepatome, hepatozelluläre Carcinome, maligne Histiocytome, Adenome und Ardenocarcinome der Gallenblase, Cholangiome und Cholangiocarcinome klassifiziert. Die eßbare Frühlingslorchel enthält eine beträchtliche Menge an N-Methyl-N-formylhydrazin. In Anbetracht seiner bereits früher berichteten Carcinogenität an Mäusen und jetzt an Hamstern, sollten Menschen auf den Genuß dieses Pilzes verzichten.
Summary
N-Methyl-N-formylhydrazine (MFH) was administered in drinking water as a 0.0078% solution oto randomly bred Syrian golden hamsters for life beginning at 6 weeks of age. The treatment gave rise to benign and malignant liver cell tumors, malignant histiocytomas and tumors of tha gall bladder and bile ducts. The tumor incidence in these four treated tissues was 43, 34, 11,8%, while in untreated controls it was 0, 0, 0, 0%, respectively. Histopathologically, tumors were classified as benign hepatomas, liver cell carcinomas, malignant histiocytomas, adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the gall bladder, cholangiomas, and cholangiocarcinomas.
The edible false morel mushroom contains a substantial amount of N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine. In view of its earlier reported carcinogenicity in mice and now in hamsters, the human population should obviously abandon the consumption of this fungus.
References
Armitage, P.: Statistical interference. In: Statistical methods in medical research. pp. 135–138. Oxford: Blackwell 1971
Della Porta, G., Shubik, P., Scortecci, V.: The action of N-2-fluorenylacetamide in the Syrian golden hamster. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 22, 463–487 (1959)
Dearness, J.: Gyromitra poisoning. Mycologia 16, 199 (1924)
Evans, R. W.: Histological appearances of tumors Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins 1968
Faure, J., Beaudoing, A., Cau, G.: A propos d'une intoxication mortelle par les fausses morilles (Gyromitra esculenta). Bull. Med. Leg. Tox. 8, 83–95 (1965)
Franke, S., Freimuth, U., List, P. H.: Über die Giftigkeit der Frühjahrslorchel Gyromitra (Helvella) esculenta. Fr. Arch. Toxicol. 22, 293–332 (1967)
Giusti, G. V., Carnevale, A.: A case of fatal poisoning by Gyromitra esculenta. Arch. Toxicol. 33, 49–54 (1974)
Kalmár, Z., Makara, Gy.: Ehetö és mérges gombák, 3rd ed. Budapest: Mezögazdasági Kiadó 1973
Klosterman, H.: Vitamin B6 antagonists of natural origin. J. Agr. Food Chem. 22, 13–16 (1974)
List, P. H., Luft, P.: Gyromitrin, das Gift der Frühjahrslorchel. Arch. Pharm. 301, 294–305 (1968)
List, P. H., Luft, P.: Nachweis und Gehaltsbestimmung von Gyromitrin in frischen Lorcheln. Arch. Pharm. 302, 143–146 (1969)
Miller, O. K.: Mushrooms of North America. New York: Dutton & Co., Inc. 1972
Pyysalo, H.: Tests for gyromitrin, a poisonous compound in false morel, Gyromitra esculenta. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 160, 325–330 (1976) Savonius, M: Mushrooms and fungi. New York: Crown Publ. 1973
Schmidlin-Mészáros, J.: Gyromitrin in Trockenlorcheln (Gyromitra esculenta sicc.). Mitt. Geb. Lebersm. Hyg. 65, 453–465 (1974)
Simmons, D. M.: The mushroom toxins. Del. Med. J. 43, 177–187 (1971)
Toth, B.: A toxicity method with calcium cyclamate for chronic carcinogenesis experiments. Tumori 58, 137–142 (1972)
Toth, B.: Synthetic and naturally occurring hydrazines as possible cancer causative agents. Cancer Res. 35, 3693–3697 (1975)
Toth, B., Nagel, D.: Tumors induced in mice by N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine of the false morel, Gyromitra esculenta. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 60, 201–204 (1978)
Toth, B., Shimizu, H.: Methylhydrazine tumorigenesis in Syrian golden hamsters and the morphology of malignant histiocytomas. Cancer Res. 33, 2744–2753 (1973)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Supported by USPHS Contract NO1 CP33278 from the National Cancer Institute, NIH, USA
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Toth, B., Patil, K. Carcinogenic effects in the syrian golden hamster of N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine of the false morel mushroom gyromitra esculenta. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 93, 109–121 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00406569
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00406569