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Poren- und Fenster-Endothelien der Kapillaren in der Skeletmuskulatur der Ratte

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Summary

  1. 1.

    The capillaries in the m. tibialis ant. of the rat are characterized in certain areas by an unusually thin endothelium which is interrupted by pores and fenestrations. While the former represent true holes or openings in the endothelial layer, the latter are closed by a thin membrane, approx. 50–60 Å thick, the “diaphragm” of Rhodin. The diameter of both structures is similar and averages 500 Å.

  2. 2.

    Seven minutes after injection of a solution of colloidal gold into the a. femoralis this substance is found just beneath the diaphragms of the fenestrations and in greater amounts within the true pores. In the thicker parts of the endothelial cells the electron-dense tracermaterial is always included in membranebounded vesicles, which sometimes have already reached the basal plasmalemma.

  3. 3.

    The present and similar findings of other authors have led to a thesis to explain the formation of endothelial pores and fenestrations: In many cases these structures seemed to represent merely a transient arrangement, which could be formed by contact or fusion of micro-pinocytotic vesicles in extremely flattened endothelial cells.

  4. 4.

    As to the functional significance of these endothelial structures our experiments point out, that (at least) for colloidal substances the fenestrations are not, like the real pores, main routes of transcapillary exchange.

Zusammenfassung

  1. 1.

    Bestimmte Kapillarstrecken innerhalb der Skeletmuskulatur der Ratte sind durch ein auffallend niedriges, von Poren und Fenestrationen durchsetztes Endothel gekennzeichnet. Die durch ein Diaphragma von ca 50–60 Å Dicke verschlossenen Endothelfenster haben wie die Poren einen mittleren Durchmesser von 500 Å und stellen somit im Gegensatz zu letzteren keine echten transzellulären Lochbildungen dar.

  2. 2.

    Partikel intravital applizierten Goldsols finden sich 7 min nach Injektionsbeginn (in die A. femoralis) jenseits der Fenstermembranen sowie „in Scharen“ innerhalb der echten Poren. Im Bereich der dickeren Endothelpartien werden die Goldteilchen in typischer Weise ausschließlich in intrazellulären Vesikeln angetroffen, die stellenweise bereits das basale Plasmalemm erreicht haben.

  3. 3.

    Aufgrund dieser Befunde und entsprechender Angaben aus der Literatur wird eine Arbeitshypothese zur Erklärung der Porenentstehung entwickelt. An vielen Standorten halten wir diese Strukturen für flüchtige Bildungen, die durch Kontaktaufnahme zweier mikropinocytotischer Bläschen im Bereich extremer Endothelabflachungen entstehen könnten.

  4. 4.

    Hinsichtlich der funktionellen Bedeutung fenster- und porentragender Endothelien läßt sich unseren Experimenten nur entnehmen, daß zumindest für Substanzen kolloidaler Größenordnung die Fenestrationen im Gegensatz zu den echten Poren keine bevorzugten Passageorte der Kapillarwand darstellen.

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  1. Anatomischen Institut der Universität Freiburg/Br., Deutschland

    F. Hammersen

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Herrn Professor Dr. W. Bargmann zum 60. Geburtstag in Verehrung gewidmet.

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Hammersen, F. Poren- und Fenster-Endothelien der Kapillaren in der Skeletmuskulatur der Ratte. Z.Zellforsch 69, 296–310 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00406282

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