Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems include the two extremes: constant environmental conditions in the main bodies of water, and unstable fluctuating conditions in the shallow margins of the aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic microorganisms living in the main oceans can thus be characterized by a single prototype being moderately halophilic, psychrophilic, to some extreme barophilic and all must be oligotrophs managing to survive and multiply in extremely low nutrient concentrations. On the other hand those populating the shallow margins must be adapted to rapidly fluctuating environments and thus have multipotential metabolic patterns. Oscillatoria limnetica can serve as a model for this being capable of shifts from oxygenic to non-oxygenic photosynthesis, having multiple dark energy generating systems, fixing nitrogen anaerobically and capable of induction of resistance mechanisms to overcome oxygen toxicity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brock, T.D., in: [6], p. 29
Imhoff, J.F., et al.: Geomicrobiol. J. 1 1978
Nissenbaum, A.: Microb. Ecol. 2, 139 (1975)
Abeliovich, A., Shilo, M.: J. Bacteriol 111, 682 (1972)
Eloff, J.N., Steinitz, Y., Shilo, M.: J. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 31. 119 (1976)
Shilo, M. (ed.), in: Strategies of Microbial Life in Extreme Environments, p. 11. Dahlem Workshop Reports. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie 1979
Poindexter, J.S., in: [6], p. 341
Shilo, M., in: Microbiology (D. Schlessinger, ed.). Am. Soc. Microbiol. (in press)
Winogradski, S.: Bacteriologie du Sol. Paris: Masson 1949
Matin, A., in: [6], p. 323
Novitsky, J.A., Morita, R.Y.: J. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 32, 617 (1976)
Sieburth, J. McN.: Deep Sea Res. 18, 1111 (1971)
Marshall, K.C.: Interfaces in Microbial Ecology. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press 1976
Marshall, K.C., in: [6], p. 281
Varon, M., Shilo, M., in: Advances in Aquatic Microbiology (H. Jannasch, M. Droop, eds.). New York Academic Press (in press)
Rittenberg, S.C., in: [6], p. 305
Gordon, A.L.: Antarctic Map Folio Ser. 6, Folio Am. geogr. Soc. (1967)
Novitsky, J.A., Morita, R.Y.: J. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 33, 635 (1971)
Novitsky, J.A., Morita, R.Y.: Marine Biol. 49, 7 (1978)
Shilo, M., Yetinson, T.: Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 38, 577 (1979)
Cohen, Y., et al.: Nature 257, 489 (1975)
Padan, E.: Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 30, 27 (1979)
Padan, E., in: Advances in Microbial Ecology, Vol. 3, p. 1 (M. Alexander, ed.). New York: Academic Press 1979
Belkin, S., Padan, E.: FEBS Lett. 94, 291 (1978)
Belkin, S., Padan, E.: Arch. Microbiol. 116, 109 (1978)
Stanier, R.Y.: Carlsberg Res. Commun 42, 77 (1977)
Shilo, M., Oren, A. Friedberg, D.: 111 Int. Symp. Photosynthetic Prokaryotes, Oxford, Abstract A27 (1979)
Cohen, Y.B., Krumbein, W.E., Shilo, M.: Limnol. Oceanogr. 22, 597 (1977)
Cohen, Y.B., Krumbein, W.E., Shilo, M.: ibid. 22, 609 (1977)
Cohen, Y.B., Krumbein, W.E., Shilo, M.: ibid. 22, 621 (1977)
Jorgensen, B.B., Kuenen, J.G., Cohen, Y.: ibid. 24, 799 (1979)
Jorgensen, B.B., et al.: J. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 38, 46 (1979)
Krumbein, W.E., et al.: Naturwissenschaften 66, 381 (1979)
Oren, A., Padan, E.: J. Bacteriol. 133, 558 (1978)
Hassan, H.M., Fridovich, I., in: [6], p. 179
Krinsky, N.I., in: [6], p. 163
Friedberg, D., Fine, M., Oren, A.: Arch. Microbiol. 123, 311 (1979)
Oren, A., Shilo, M.: Arch. Microbiol. 122, 77 (1979)
Belkin, S., Cohen, Y., Padan, E.: 111 Int. Symp. Photosynthetic Prokaryotes, Oxford, Abstract B17 (1979)
Zevenboom, W., Mur, L.R.: FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 6, 209 (1979)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The work described was partially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shilo, M. Strategies of adaptation to extreme conditions in aquatic microorganisms. Naturwissenschaften 67, 384–389 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00405481
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00405481