Summary
The effects of imipramine in combination with amphetamine were studied in two operant-behavior situations. In one of these, rats were required to press a response lever in order to avoid brief electric shocks; in the other, rats were reinforced for displacing a small response “key” only if such responses were emitted at a rate no greater than one per 15 seconds.
In general, imipramine was found to potentiate the tendency of amphetamine to increase responding in these situations. The relationship of imipramine to atropine, which has a similar action in combination with amphetamine, is discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bradley, P. B., and J. Elkes: The effect of some drugs on the electrical activity of the brain. Brain 80, 77–117 (1957).
Carlton, P. L.: Augmentation of the behavioral effects of amphetamine by scopolamine. Psychopharmacologia (in press).
- Some effects of scopolamine, atropine and amphetamine in three behavioral situations. Proc. Amer. Soc. for Pharmacol. and Exper. Therap., Rochester, N. Y., August, 1961
—, and P. Didamo: Augmentation of the behavioral effects of amphetamine by atropine. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 132, 91–96 (1961).
Ferster, C. B., and B. P. Skinner: Schedules of Reinforcement. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts 1957.
Horovitz, Z. P., and M. Chow: A technique for the classification and comparison of drug effects on the cat with chronically implanted electrodes. Proc. Amer. Soc. for Pharmacol. and Exper. Therap., Rochester, N. Y., August, 1961.
Lewis, D.: Quantitative Methods in Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Comp. 1960.
Sidman, M.: Avoidance conditioning with brief shock and no exteroceptive warning signal. Science 118, 157–158 (1953).
Sigg, E. G.: Pharmacological studies with Tofrānil. Canad. psychiat. Ass. J. 4, Special Suppl., 75–85 (1959).
Wikler, A.: Pharmacologic dissociation of behavior and EEG sleep patterns in dogs: morphine, N-allymorphine and atropine. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.) 79, 261–265 (1952).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
I am indebted to Dr. B. N. Craver for his generous advice on the experiments and the preparation of the manuscript. The idea for the present experiments grew out of a discussion with Dr. Larry Stein.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Carlton, P.L. Potentiation of the behavioral effects of amphetamine by imipramine. Psychopharmacologia 2, 364–376 (1961). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00404124
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00404124