Abstract
Threshold of reinforcing hypothalamic stimulation in rats was shown to increase as a result of intragastric loading of 10 cm3 of 50% glucose. Thresholds increased steadily up to between 50 and 80 min after glucose injection before they began to decline. Intragastric water loads had no effect on thresholds. To measure thresholds of reinforcement, a new technique was used, which involved a baseline fixed-ratio schedule concurrent with a continuous reinforcement schedule. Increasing and decreasing the magnitude of the continuous reinforcement caused the fixed-ratio postreinforcement pauses to disappear and reappear, providing a method of limits criterion for threshold of reinforcement.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anand, B. K., Chhina, G. S., Sharma, K. N., Dua, S., Singh, B.: Activity of single neurons in the hypothalamic feeding centers: effect of glucose. Amer. J. Physiol. 207, 1146–1154 (1964).
Balagura, S.: Influence of osmotic and caloric loads upon lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 66, 325–328 (1968).
—, Hoebel, B. G.: Self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus modified by insulin and glucagon. Physiol. Behav. 2, 337–340 (1967).
Blundell, J. E., Herberg, L. J.: Relative effects of nutritional deficit and deprivation period on rate of electrical self-stimulation of lateral hypothalamus. Nature (Lond.) 219, 627–628 (1968).
Deutsch, J. A., DiCara, L.: Hunger and extinction in intracranial self-stimulation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 63, 344–347 (1967).
Hodos, W., Valenstein, E. S.: An evaluation of response rate as a measure of rewarding intracranial stimulation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 55, 80–84 (1962).
Hoebel, B. G.: Inhibition and disinhibition of self-stimulation and feeding. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 66, 89–100 (1968).
- Rewarding hypothalamic stimulation made aversive by excessive feeding or obesity. Physiologist 10 (1967) (Abstract).
—, Teitelbaum, P.: Hypothalamic control of feeding and self-stimulation. Science 135, 375–377 (1962).
Huston, J. P.: Reinforcement reduction: a method for training ratio behavior. Science 159, 444 (1968).
—: Psychophysics of energizing and reinforcing stimulation of the brain. PhD, Dissertation. Medford: Tufts University 1969.
- Mills, A. W.: Threshold of reinforcing brain stimulation. Commun. Behav. Biol. (in press) (1970).
Margules, D. L., Olds, J.: Identical “feeding” and “rewarding” systems in the lateral hypothalamus of rats. Science 135, 374–375 (1962).
Marshall, N. B., Barnett, R. J., Mayer, J.: Hypothalamic lesions in gold thio- glucose injected mice. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.) 90, 240–244 (1955).
Mount, G. B., Hoebel, B. G.: Lateral hypothalamic reward decreased by intragastric feeding: self-determined “threshold” technique. Psychon. Sci. 9, 265–266 (1967).
Oomura, Y., Kimura, K., Ooyama, H., Maeno, T., Iki, M., Kuniyoshi, M.: Reciprocal activities of the ventromedial and lateral hypothalamic areas of cats. Science 143, 484–485 (1964).
Siegel, S.: Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill 1956.
Stein, L., Ray, O. S.: Brain stimulation reward “thresholds” self-determined in rat. Psychopharmacologia (Berl.) 1, 251–256 (1960).
Valenstein, E. S.: Problems of measurement and interpretation with reinforcing brain stimulation. Psychol. Rev. 71, 415–437 (1964).
Wilkinson, H. A., Peele, T. L.: Modification of intracranial self-stimulation by hunger satiety. Amer. J. Physiol. 203, 537–540 (1962).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The work reported here was a portion of a PhD dissertation completed at Tufts University, Medford, Mass., and was supported by a NDEA Title IV predoctoral fellowship.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huston, J.P. Effect of glucose on threshold of intracranial reinforcement. Psychopharmacologia 19, 105–113 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00402634
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00402634