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Landtype-forest community relationships: A case study on the Mid-Cumberland Plateau

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Abstract

Relationships between forest communities and landtypes (the most detailed level of a hierarchical land classification system) were determined for the Prentice Cooper State Forest (PCSF), located on the southern tip of Walden Ridge, west of Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Four extensive landtypes within the Mullins Cove area of PCSF were sampled: 1) broad sandstone ridges-south aspect (LT-3), 2) north sandstone slopes (LT-5), 3) south sandstone slopes (LT-6), and 4) plateau escarpment and upper sandstone slopes and benches-south aspect (LT-17). Rectangular, 0.04-hectare plots specified sub-plots for sampling overstory, midstory, sapling/shrub, seedling/herb forest strata, and physical site characteristics. Plots (139) were allocated by landtype using a random start with subsequent systematic location.

Multivariate statistical techniques were used to 1) examine the distinctness of forest communities occurring among landtypes (discriminant analysis), 2) describe the forest communities occurring within landtypes (cluster analysis), and 3) determine factors controlling the spatial distribution of forest communities on the landscape (factor analysis).

Different relative importance values of species among communities along with different community combinations among landtypes resulted in distinct forest vegetation among landtypes.

Chestnut oak (Quercus prinus L.), white oak (Quercus alba L.), and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Miller) communities occurred on all four landtypes. Scarlet oak (Quercus coccinia Muenchh.) communities occurred on LT-5, LT-6, and LT-17. Black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.) communities occurred on LT-3 and LT-5. Yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.), communities occurred only on LT-17.

Landscape scale factors that varied along an elevation gradient were dominant in controlling spatial distribution of forest communities. Microsite factors were secondary controllers. Specific ecological factors could not be determined by factor analysis.

Relatively distinct vegetation occurs among sampled landtypes on the PCSF. This study provides additional evidence that the land classification system divides the Mid-Cumberland Plateau landscape into distinct ecological units.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tennessee Division of Forestry, P.O. Box 40627, 37204, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

    David H. Arnold

  2. Forest Land Classification and Evaluation, 102 Rabbit Run Lane, 37375, Sewanee, Tennessee, USA

    Glendon W. Smalley

  3. Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, 37901-1071, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA

    Edward R. Buckner

Authors
  1. David H. Arnold
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  2. Glendon W. Smalley
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  3. Edward R. Buckner
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Arnold, D.H., Smalley, G.W. & Buckner, E.R. Landtype-forest community relationships: A case study on the Mid-Cumberland Plateau. Environ Monit Assess 39, 339–352 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00396153

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00396153

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