Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Metabolism of gibberellins by immature barley grain

  • Published:
Planta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Gibberellins A1, A4, A9, A12-aldehyde, A20 and A51, each labelled with both a radioactive and stable isotope were fed to immature barley grain by injection into the endosperm. After 7 d, extensive metabolism of all substrates had occurred, and metabolites were identified by combined capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A proposed scheme of gibberellin metabolism in immature barley grain is presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

GAn :

gibberellin An

GC-MS:

combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

HPLC:

high-performance liquid chromatography

References

  • Beale, M.H., MacMillan, J. (1981) Partial syntheses of [2α-2H]-and [2α-3H]-gibberellin A29 and [2α-2H,15,17-3H]gibberellin A51 from gibberellin A3. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 394–400

    Google Scholar 

  • Beale, M.H., Gaskin, P., Kirkwood, P.S., MacMillan, J. (1980) Partial synthesis of gibberellin A9 and [3α- and 3β-2H1]gibberellin A9; gibberellin A5 and [1β,3-2H2 and-3H2]gibberellin A5; and gibberellin A20 and [1β,3α-2H2 and-3H2]gibberellin A20. J. Chem. Soc. 885–890

  • Bearder, J.R. (1973) Diterpenoid biosynthesis in mutants of Fusarium moniliforme. Ph.D. thesis, University of Bristol

  • Bearder, J.R., Frydman, V.M., Gaskin, P., MacMillan, J., Wels, C.M. Phinney, B.O. (1976a) Fungal products. Part XVI. Conversion of isosteviol and steviol acetate into gibberellin analogues, by mutant B1-41 a of Gibberella fujikuroi and preparation of [3H]-gibberellin A20 J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 173–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Bearder, J. R. Frydman, V.M., Gaskin, P., Hatton, I.K., Harvey, W.E., MacMillan, J., Phinney, B.O. (1976b) Fungal products. Part XVII. Microbiological hydroxylation of gibberellin A9 and its methyl ester. J. Chem. Soc. 178–183

  • Bearder, J.R., MacMillan, J., Phinney, B.O. (1973) 3-Hydroxylation of gibberellin A12-aldehyde in Gibberella fujikuroi strain REC-193A. Phytochemistry 12, 2173–2179

    Google Scholar 

  • Down, G.J., Lee, M., MacMillan, J., Staples, K.S. (1983) Preparation of 13-hydroxygibberellin A12-7-aldehyde. J. Chem. Soc. 1103–1108

  • Frydman, V.M., MacMillan, J. (1975) The metabolism of gibberellins A9, A20 and A29 in immature seeds of Pisum sativum cv. Progress No. 9. Planta 125, 181–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaskin, P., Gilmour, S.J., Lenton, J.R., MacMillan, J., Sponsel, V.M. (1983) Endogenous gibberellins and kauranoids, identified from developing and germinating barley grain. J. Plant Growth Regul. 2, 229–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaskin, P. Hutchison, M., Lewis, N., MacMillan, J. Phinney, B.O. (1984) Microbial conversion of 12-oxygenated and other derivatives of ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid by Gibberella fujikuroi, mutant B1-41a. Phytochemistry 559–564

  • Gilmour, S.J. (1983) Some studies on the endogenous gibberellins of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Ph.D. thesis, University of Bristol

  • Graebe, J.E., Hedden, P., Gaskin, P., MacMillan, J. (1974a) Biosynthesis of gibberellins A12, A15, A24, A36 and A37 by a cell-free system from Cucurbita maxima. Phytochemistry 13, 1433–1440

    Google Scholar 

  • Graebe, J.E., Hedden, P., Gaskin, P., MacMillan, J. (1974b) The biosynthesis of a C19-gibberellin from mevalonic acid in a cell-free system from a higher plant. Planta 120, 307–309

    Google Scholar 

  • Graebe, J.E., Hedden, P., Rademacher, W. (1980) Gibberellin biosynthesis. In: Gibberellins — chemistry, physiology and use. British Plant Growth Regulator Group, Monograph 5, pp. 31–47, Lenton, J.R., ed. BPGRG, Wantage

    Google Scholar 

  • Grove, J.F. (1961) Gibberellin A2. J. Chem. Soc. 3545–3547

  • Hedden, P., Graebe, J.E., Beale, M.H., Gaskin, P., MacMillan, J. (1984) The biosynthesis of 12α-hydroxylated gibberellins in a cell-free system, from Cucurbita maxima endosperm. Phytochemistry 569–574

  • Ingram, T.J., Reid, J.B., Murfet, I.C., Gaskin, P., Willis, C.L., MacMillan, J. (1984) Internode length in Pisum. The Le gene controls the 3β-hydroxylation of gibberellin A20 to gibberellin A1. Planta 160, 455–463

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamiya, Y., Graebe, J.E. (1983) The biosynthesis of all major pea gibberellins in a cell-free system from Pisum sativum. Phytochemistry 22, 681–689

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovats, E. (1958) Gas-chromatographische characterisierung organischer verbindungen, Teil 1: Retentions Indices aliphatischer Halogenide, Alkohole, Aldehyde und Ketone. Helv. Chim. Acta 41, 1915–1932

    Google Scholar 

  • Musgrave, A., Kays, S.E., Kende, H. (1972) Uptake and metabolism of radioactive gibberellins by barley aleurone layers. Planta 102, 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadeau, R., Rappaport, L. (1974) The synthesis of [3H]gibberellin A3 and [3H] gibberellin A1 by the palladium-catalyzed actions of carrier-free tritium on gibberellin A3. Phytochemistry 13, 1537–1545

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadeau, R., Rappaport, L., Stolp, C.L. (1972) Uptake and metabolism of 3H-gibberellin A1 by barley aleurone layers: response to abscisic acid. Planta 107, 315–324

    Google Scholar 

  • Railton, I.D., Durley, R.C., Pharis, R.P. (1974) Metabolism of tritiated gibberellin A9 by shoots of dark-grown dwan pea, cv. Meteor. Plant Physiol. 54, 6–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Sponsel, V.M. (1983) In vivo gibberellin metabolism in higher plants. In: Biochemistry and physiology of gibberellins, vol. 1, pp. 151–250, Crozier, A., ed. Praeger, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Sponsel, V.M., MacMillan, J. (1977) Further studies on the metabolism of gibberellins (GAs) A9, A20 and A29 in immature seeds of Pisum sativum cv. Progress No. 9. Planta 135, 129–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Sponsel, V.M., MacMillan, J. (1978) Metabolism of gibberellin A29 in seeds of Pisum sativum cv. Progress No. 9; use of [2H] and [3H] GAs, and the identification of a new GA catabolite. Planta 144, 69–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Sponsel, V.M., MacMillan, J. (1980) Metabolism of [13C1]gibberellin A29 to [13C1]gibberellin-catabolite in maturing seeds of Pisum sativum cv. Progress No. 9. Planta 150, 46–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Stolp, C.V. Nadeau, R., Rappaport, L. (1973) Effect of abscisic acid on uptake and metabolism of 3H-gibberellin A1 and 3H-pseudo-gibberellin A1 by barley half-seeds. Plant Physiol. 52, 546–548

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Sarah J. Gilmour

    Present address: MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, MI, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural Research Council Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS, Bristol, UK

    Sarah J. Gilmour, Paul Gaskin, Valerie M. Sponsel & Jake MacMillan

Authors
  1. Sarah J. Gilmour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Paul Gaskin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Valerie M. Sponsel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jake MacMillan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gilmour, S.J., Gaskin, P., Sponsel, V.M. et al. Metabolism of gibberellins by immature barley grain. Planta 161, 186–192 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00395480

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00395480

Key words

Search

Navigation