Abstract
Induction of germination by gibberellin or light is not a prerequisite for protein and RNA synthesis in spores of A. phyllitidis. Imbibed but non-induced spores of this fern show a high rate of translation as well as appreciably transcription of all RNA types. The pattern of in-vitro translation of polyadenylated RNA present in the dry spore corresponds with the in-vivo translation products under non-inductive conditions. New proteins are not detectable among the in-vitro and in-vivo translation products until 48 h after a germination stimulus. Although the dark imbibition of spores is accompanied by a reduction in the lengths of polyadenylated tracts of the stored mRNA, this fraction is characterized by a remarkable stability which is undoubtedly a prerequisite for the high viability of these fern spores. The importance of these results for the general meaning of stored mRNA in spore and seed germination processes is discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- GA3 :
-
gibberellic acid
- poly(A)+RNA:
-
polyadenylated RNA
- SDS:
-
sodium dodecyl sulfate
References
Aviv, H., Leder, P. (1972) Purification of biologically active globin m-RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 69, 1408–1412
Bhat, S.P., Padayatty, J.D. (1974) Presence of conserved messenger RNA in rice embryos. Ind. J. Biochem. Biophys. 11, 47–50
Caers, L.I., Peumans, W.J., Carlier, A.R. (1979) Preformed and newly synthesized messenger RNA in germinating wheat embryos. Planta 144, 491–496
Chen, D., Sarid, S., Katchalski, E. (1968) Studies on the nature of messenger RNA in germinating wheat embryos. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 60, 902–909
Delseny, M., Aspart, L., Cooke, R. (1980/81) Studies on ribonucleic acids during radish seed germination: a search for potential regulation mechanisms. Israel J. Bot. 29, 246–258
Dyer, A.F. (1979) The culture of fern gametophytes for experimental investigation. In: The experimental biology of ferns, pp. 253–305, Dyer, A.F., ed. Academic Press, London New York San Francisco
Dyer, A.F., Cran, D.G. (1976) The formation and ultrastructure of rhizoids on protonema of Dryopteris borrei Newm. Ann. Bot. 40, 757–765
Fechner, A., Schraudolf, H. (1982) Isolation and characterization of poly (adenylic acid)-containing ribonucleic acid from dry spores of Anemia phyllitidis L.Sw. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 108, 419–428
Fleck, J., Durr, A., Fritsch, C., Lett, M.C., Hirth, L. (1980) Comparison of proteins synthesized in vivo and in vitro by mRNA from isolated protoplasts. Planta 148, 453–454
Fountain, D.W., Bewley, I.D. (1973) Polyribosome formation and protein synthesis in imbibed but dormant lettuce seeds. Plant Physiol. 52, 604–607
Gemmrich, A.R. (1977) Mobilization of reserve lipids in germinating spores of the fern Anemia phyllitidis L.. Plant Sci. Lett. 9, 301–307
Gordon, M.E., Payne, P.I. (1976) In vitro translation of the long-lived messenger ribonucleic acid of dry seeds. Planta 130, 269–273
Greene, F.C. (1983) Expression of storage protein genes in developing wheat (Triticum aestium L.) seeds. Correlation of RNA accumulation and protein synthesis. Plant Physiol. 71, 40–46
Jachymczyk, W.J., Sieliwanowicz, B., Chlebowicz, E. (1974) Activation of preexisting messenger RNA in dry pea embryonic axes. Acta Biochim. Pol. 21, 137–143
Laemmli, U.K. (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head bacteriophage T4. Nature (London) 227, 680–685
Mitchell, R.C., Villiers, T.A. (1972) Polysome formation in light-controlled dormancy. Plant Physiol. 50, 671–674
Mohr, H. (1956) Die Abhängigkeit des Protonemawachstums und der Protonemapolarität bei Farnen vom Licht. Planta 47, 127–158
Mori, T., Wakabayashi, Y., Takagi, S. (1978) Occurance of m-RNA of storage protein in dry soybean seeds. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 84, 1103–1111
Naef, U. (1966) On dark germination and antheridium formation in Anemia phyllitidis. Physiol. Plant. 19, 1079–1088
Peumans, W.J., Delaey, B.M., Manickham, A., Carlier, A.R. (1980) Efficient translation of long lived messengers in extracts from dry pea primary axes. Evidence for the presence of lectin mRNA. Planta 150, 286–290
Raghavan, V. (1971) Synthesis of protein and RNA for initiation and growth of the protonema during germination of braken fern spore. Exp. Cell Res. 65, 401–407
Raghavan, V. (1976) Gibberellic acid-induced germination of spores of Anemia phyllitidis: nucleic acid and protein synthesis during germination. Am. J. Bot. 63, 960–972
Raghavan, V. (1977 a) Cell morphogenesis and macromolecule synthesis during phytochrome-controlled germination of spores of the fern Pteris vittata. J. Exp. Bot. 28, 439–446
Raghavan, V. (1977 b) Gibberellic acid-induced germination of Anemia phyllitidis: autoradiographic study of the timing and regulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis in relation to cell morphogenesis. J. Cell Sci. 23, 85–100
Reger, B.J., Egley, G.H., Swanson, Ch.R. (1975) Polysome formation in light-sensitive common purslane seeds. Plant Physiol. 55, 928–931
Schraudolf, H. (1962) Die Wirkung von Phytohormonen auf Keimung und Entwicklung von Farnprothallien I. Auslösung der Antheridienbildung und Dunkelkeimung bei Schizaeaceen durch Gibberellinsäure. Biol. Zentralbl. 81, 731–740
Schraudolf, H. (1962) Wirkung von Hemmstoffen der DNS-, RNS-und Proteinsynthese auf Wachstum und Antheridienbildung in Prothallien von Anemia phyllitidis L. Planta 74, 123–147
Shuttleworth, J., Morsek, J., Burke, D. (1982) Proteinsynthesis in human lymphoblastoid cells (Namalwa) after treatment with butyrate and 5-bromoeoxyuridine. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 698, 1–10
Sina, J.F., Chin, B. (1979) Cadmium modification of nucleolar function and structure in Physarum polycephalum. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 50, 253–259
Westhoff, P., Zetsche, K. (1981) Regulation of the synthesis of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase and its subunits in flagellate Chlorogonium elongatum. Eur. J. Biochem. 116, 261–267
Yamamoto, N., Sasaki, S., Asakawa, S., Hasegawa, M. (1974) Polysome formation induced by light in Pinus thunbergii seed embryos. Plant Cell Physiol. 15, 1143–1146
Yamamoto, N. (1982) Preformed mRNA and light-induced germination of pine (Pinus thunbergii) seed. Plant Cell Physiol. 23, 865–869
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fechner, A., Schraudolf, H. Translation and transcription in imbibed and germinating spores of Anemia phyllitidis L.Sw.. Planta 161, 451–458 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00394577
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00394577