Abstract
Residues of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and mercury were measured in eggs of Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsoni) and ferruginous hawks (B. regalis) collected in North and South Dakota during 1974–79. DDE was the most common compound detected in the eggs, but residues were below levels known to have adverse effects on reproduction. Other organochlorine compounds and mercury were found at low levels. Eggs of ferruginous hawks tended to contain more compounds with higher residues than eggs of Swainson's hawks.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brown, L. and Amadon, D.: 1968, Eagles, Hawks, and Falcons of the World, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.
Cromartie, E., Reichel, W. L., Locke, L. N., Belisle, A. A., Kaiser, T. E., Lamont, T. G., Mulhern, B. M., Prouty, R. M. and Swineford, D. M.: 1975, ‘Residues of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Autopsy Data for Bald Eagles, 1971–72’, Pestic. Monit. J. 9, 11–14.
Gilmer, D. S., Evans, D. L., Konrad, P. M. and Stewart, R. E.: 1985, ‘Recoveries of Ferruginous Hawks Banded in South-central North Dakota’, J. Field Ornithol 56, 184–187.
Gilmer, D. S. and Stewart, R. E.: 1983, ‘Ferruginous Hawk Populations and Habitat Use in North Dakota’, J. Wildl. Manage 47, 146–157.
Gilmer, D. S. and Stewart, R. E.: 1984, ‘Swainson's Hawk Nesting Ecology in North Dakota’, Condor 86, 12–18.
Hatch, W. R. and Ott, W. L.: 1968, ‘Determination of Submicrogram Quantities of Mercury by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry’, Anal. Chem. 40, 2085–2087.
Heinz, G. H.: 1979, ‘Methylmercury: Reproductive and Behavioral Effects on Three Generations of Mallard Ducks’, J. Wildl. Manage 43, 394–401.
Henny, C. J. and Kaiser, T. E.: 1979, ‘Organochlorine and Mercury Residues in Swainson's Hawk Eggs From the Pacific Northwest’, Murrelet 60, 2–5.
Jeffries, D. J.: 1973, ‘The Effects of Organochlorine Insecticides and their Metabolites on Breeding Birds’, J. Reprod. Fert. Suppl. 19, 337–352.
Lokemoen, J. T. and Duebbert, H. F.: 1976, ‘Ferruginous Hawk Nesting Ecology and Raptor Populations in Northern South Dakota’, Condor 78, 464–470.
Merchard, M.: 1981, ‘DDT and Hexachlorobenzene Residues in Southeastern Washington Swainson's Hawks (Buteo swainsoni)’, Bull. Environm. Contam. Toxicol. 26, 248–253.
Monk, H. E.: 1961, ‘Recommended Methods of Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Foodstuffs, Report by the Joint Mercury Residues Panel’, Analyst. 82, 608–614.
Rudd, R. L.: 1973, ‘Pesticides and the Living Landscape’, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.
Schmutz, J. K., Schmutz, S.M. and Boag, D. A.: 1980, ‘Coexistence of Three Species of Hawks (Buteo spp.) in the Prairie-parkland Ecotone’, Can. J. Zool. 58, 1075–1089.
Stewart, R. E.: 1975, Breeding Birds of North Dakota, Tri-College Center for Environmental Studies, Fargo, ND.
Stickel, L. F.: 1973, ‘Pesticide Residues in Birds and Mammals’, in C. A., Edwards (ed.), Environmental Pollution by Pesticides, Plenum Publishing Corp., New Yrok, pp. 254–312.
Stickel, L. F., Wiemeyer, S. N. and Blus, L. J.: 1973, ‘Pesticide Residues in Eggs of Wild Birds, Adjustment for Loss of Moisture and Lipid’, Bull. Environm. Contam. Toxicol. 9, 193–196.
Stickel, W. H.: 1975, ‘Some Effects of Pollutants in Terrestrial Ecosystems’, in A. D., McIntyre and C. F., Mills (eds.), Ecological Toxicology Research, Plenum Publishing Corp., New York, pp. 25–74.
Thurow, T. L., White, C. M., Howard, R. P. and Sullivan, J. F.: 1980, Raptor Ecology of the Raft Valley, Idaho, EG&G, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Stendell, R.C., Gilmer, D.S., Coon, N.A. et al. Organochlorine and mercury residues in Swainson's and ferruginous hawk eggs collected in North and South Dakota, 1974–79. Environ Monit Assess 10, 37–41 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00394254
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00394254