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In vitro alteration of association patterns of human acrocentric chromosomes

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Summary

Association patterns of the human acrocentric chromosomes are supposed to reflect the metabolic and structural behavior of interphase nucleoli. Attempts were made to alter the association patterns by the action of chemical and physical agents (glucose, actinomycin D, temperature), which presumably influence nucleolar ultrastructur and function.

A decrease in association frequency was noted after doubling the concentration of glucose in the culture medium. This effect might be due to elevated synthetic activity and growth rate of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes in the presence of excess glucose. More pronounced changes were obtained by increasing the temperature to 41.5°C 6 hrs prior to harvesting. This finding probably reflects the well known ultrastructural and biochemical lesions caused by supranormal temperatures in the nucleoli of mammalian cells. Addition of actinomycin D did not yield any significant response. Due to the mechanism of action of this inhibitor, its application is restricted to a time interval starting late in G2.

Zusammenfassung

Die Assoziationsmuster der menschlichen akrozentrischen Chromosomen werden als Ausdruck des metabolischen und strukturellen Verhaltens der Interphasennucleoli angesehen. Es wurde versucht, diese Muster durch Einwirkung chemischer und physikalischer Agentien (Glucose, Actinomycin D, Temperatur) zu verändern, von denen angenommen werden kann, daß sie die Funktion und die Ultrastruktur des Nucleolus beeinflussen.

Verdoppelung des Glucosegehaltes im Kulturmedium bewirkte eine Verringerung der Assoziationshäufigkeit. Dieser Effekt beruht vermutlich auf einer vermehrten synthetischen Aktivität und erhöhter Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit bei hohen Glucosekonzentrationen. Deutlichere Veränderungen wurden durch Erhöhung der Temperatur, 6 Std vor dem Abbrechen der Kulturen, auf 41,5°C erzielt. Dieses Ergebnis steht wahrscheinlich mit den bekannten ultrastrukturellen und biochemischen Störungen in Zusammenhang, die man durch erhöhte Temperaturen im Nucleolus von Säugerzellen erzeugen kann. Mit Actinomycin D ergaben sich keine signifikanten Veränderungen der Assoziationsmuster. Auf Grund seines Wirkungsmechanismus ist die Anwendung dieses Inhibitors auf das Zeitintervall zwischen der späten G2-Phase und der Mitose beschränkt.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Humangenetik und Anthropologie, Freiburg i. Br.

    H. Hoehn, M. Nagel & W. Krone

  2. Institut für Humangenetik und Anthropologie der Universität, Albertstraße 11, BRD-7800, Freiburg i. Br., Deutschland

    H. Hoehn

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  1. H. Hoehn
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  2. M. Nagel
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  3. W. Krone
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Hoehn, H., Nagel, M. & Krone, W. In vitro alteration of association patterns of human acrocentric chromosomes. Hum Genet 11, 146–154 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00393795

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