Abstract
The release (=the measured loss) of amino acids was studied in Commelina benghalensis leaf disks. The release is assumed to be the result of influx and efflux, therefore, both movements were investigated.
The uptake of 14C-labeled valine exhibited a biphasic isotherm. The uptake was pH-dependent, especially at low substrate concentrations (pH optimum 4.8). Signals for amino acid/proton co-transport were observed: stimulation of the uptake by fusicoccin (FC), inhibition by diethylstilbestrol (DES) or by high K+ concentrations. In the light, the ATP level of the disks was maintained during the uptake period (2 h), in darkness the ATP content decreased from 87 to 24 nmol g−1 fr. wt. However, light-promoted uptake, which is explained in the proton pump concept by an intensified proton extrusion as the result of high ATP production, was lacking.
The release of amino acids was increased by washing with p-chloromercuriphenyl sulphonic acid (PCMBS), nystatin, 3(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), or KCN. The release (Q10 about 1.5) was independent of the external pH and was linearly related to the intracellular amino acid concentration. Light enhanced the rate of release to the same extent at all intracellular concentrations. The present results suggest that the release is balanced by a, at least partially, proton-driven influx and a diffusional ligh-promoted efflux. A provisional model shows how the diffusional effulx can be indirectly controlled by a counter-flow fueled by the metabolism.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- PCMBS:
-
p-chloromercuriphenylsulphonic acid
- CCCP:
-
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone
- DES:
-
diethylstibestrol
- DCMU:
-
3 (3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethyl urea
- TRIS:
-
2-amino-2-(hydromethyl)propane-1,3 diol
- MES:
-
2-(N1-morpholino) ethane sulphonic acid monohydrate
- FC:
-
fusicoccin
References
Buggeln, R.G., Luken, S. (1980) Kinetic characteristics of photoassimilate translocation in Alaria esculenta (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae). Planta 147, 241–245
Cataldo, D.A. (1974) Vein loading: the role of the symplast in intercellular transport of carbohydrate between the mesophyll and minor veins of tobacco leaves. Plant Physiol. 53, 912–917
Cheung, Y.-N.S., Nobel, P.S. (1973) Amino acid uptake by pea leaf fragments. Specificity, energy sources, and mechanism. Plant Physiol. 52, 633–637
Contardi, P.J., Davis, R.F. (1978) Membrane potential in Phaeoceros laevis. Plant Physiol. 61, 164–169
Delrot, S., Bonnemain, J.-L. (1978) Etude du mécanisme des produits de la photosynthèse dans les nervures. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 287D, 125–130
Delrot, S., Bonnemain, J.-L. (1979) Echanges H+−Rb+ et cotransport H+ - glucide dans les tissues foliaires de Vicia faba L. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 288D, 71–76
Despeghel, J.-P., Delrot, S., Bonnemain, J.-L., Besson, J. (1980) Etude du mécanisme de l'absorption des acides aminés par les tissues foliaires du Vicia faba. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 290D, 609–614
Doman, D.C., Geiger, D.R. (1979) Effect of exogeneously supplied foliar potassium on phloem loading in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol. 64, 528–533
Fischer, E., Lüttge, U. (1980) Membrane potential changes related to active transport of glycine in Lemna gibba Gl. Plant Physiol. 65, 1004–1008
Geiger, D.R. (1976) Phloem loading in source leaves. In: Transport and transfer processes in plants, pp. 167–183. Wardlaw, I.F., Passioura, J.B. eds. Academic Press, New York San Francisco London
Geiger, D.R., Giaquinta, R.T., Sovonick, S.A., Fellows, R.J. (1973) Solute distribution in sugar beet leaves in relation to phloem loading and translocation. Plant Physiol. 52, 585–589
Giaquinta, R.T. (1979) Phloem loading of sucrose. Involvement of membrane ATP-ase and proton transport. Plant Physiol. 63, 744–748
Giersch, C., Heber, U., Krause, G.H. (1980) ATP-transfer from chloroplasts to the cytosol of leaf cells during photosynthesis and its effect on leaf metabolism. In: Plant membrane transport: Current conceptual issues, pp. 65–82, Spanswick, R.M., Lucas, W.J., Daintly, J. eds. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam New York Oxford
Gordon, A.J., Ryle, G.J.A., Powell, C.E., Mitchell, D. (1980) Export, mobilization and respiration of assimilates in uniculm barley during light and darkness. J. Exp. Bot. 31, 461–473
Gunning, B.E.S. (1976) The role of plasmodesmata in short distance transport to and from the phloem. In: Intracellular communication in plants: Studies on plasmodesmata, pp. 203–227, Gunning, B.E.S., Robards, a.W., eds. Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Guy, M., Reinhold, L., Rahat, M. (1980) Energization of the sugar transport mechanism in the plasmalemma of isolated mesophyll protoplasts. Plant Physiol. 65, 550–553
Hartt, C.E. (1965) Light and translocation of 14C in detached blades of sugar cane. Plant Physiol. 40, 718–724
Heyser, W. (1980) Phloem loading in the maize leaf. Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 93, 221–228
Huber, S.C., Moreland, D.E. (1980) Translocation. Efflux of sugars across the plasmalemma of mesophyll protoplasts. Plant Physiol. 65, 560–562
Jeschke, W.D. (1970) Lichtabhängige Veränderungen des Membranpotentials bei Blattzellen von Elodea densa. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 62, 158–172
Kaiser, W.M., Paul, J.S., Bassham, J.A. 1979) Release of photosynthates from mesophyll cells in vitro and in vivo. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 94, 377–385
Keifer, D.W., Spanswick, R.M. (1979) Correlation of adenosine triphosphate levels in Chara corallina with the activity of the electrogenic pump. Plant Physiol. 64, 165–168
Komor, E., Rotter, M., Waldhauser, J., Martin, E., Cho, B.H. (1980) Sucrose proton symport for phloem loading in the Ricinus seedling. Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 93, 211–219
Komor, E., Tanner, W. (1974) The hexose-proton co-transport system of Chlorella. J. Gen. Physiol. 64, 568–581
Komor, E., Weber, H., Tanner, W. (1978) Essential sulfhydryl group in the transport-catalyzing protein of the hexose-proton cotransport system of Chlorella. Plant Physiol. 61, 785–786
Kursanov, A.L., Brovchenko, M.I. (1970) Sugars in the free space of leaf plate: their origin and possible involvement in transport. Can. J. Bot. 48, 1243–1250
Lien, R., Rognes, S.E. (1977) Uptake of amino acids by barley leaf slices: Kinetics, specificity, and energetics. Physiol. Plant. 41, 175–183
Lüttge, U., Pallaghy, C.K. (1969) Light-triggered transient changes of membrane potentials in green cells in relation to photosynthetic electron transport. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 61, 58–67
Novacky, A., Karr, A.L. (1977) Pathological alterations in cell membrane electrical properties. In: Regulation of cell membrane activities in plants, pp. 137–144, Marrè, E., Ciferri, O., eds. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam
Novacky, A., Ullrich-Eberius, C.I., Lüttge, U. (1978) Membrane potential changes during transport of hexoses in Lemna gibba Gl. Planta 138, 263–270
Pate, J.S., Gunning, B.E.S. (1972) Transfer cells. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 23, 173–196
Penth, B., Weigl, J. (1971) Anionen-Influx, ATP-Spiegel und CO2-Fixierung in Limnophila gratioloides und Chara foetida. Planta 96, 212–223
Petzold, U., Jacob, F. (1975) Versuche zur Aufnahme xenobiontischer Stoffe durch Blätter von Egeria densa Planchon. I Die Aufnahme von alpha-Aminoisobuttersäure und der Lichteinfluß auf diesen Vorgang. Biol. Zentralbl. 94, 167–185
Prins, H.B.A., Harper, J.R., Higinbotham, N. (1980) Membrane potentials of Vallisneria leaf cells and their relation to photosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 65, 1–5
Servaites, J.C., Scharader, L.E., Jung, D.M. (1979) Energy-dependent loading of amino acid and sucrose into the phloem of soybean. Plant Physiol. 64, 546–550
Shtarkshall, R.A., Reinhold, L., Harel, H. (1970) Transport of amino acids in barley leaf tissue. I Evidence for a specific uptake mechanism and the influence of “ageing” on accumulatory capacity. J. Exp. Bot. 21, 915–925
Sinclair, J. (1968) The influence of light on the ion fluxes and electrical potential of the leaf cells of the moss Hookeria lucens. J. Exp. Bot 19, 254–263
Van Bel, A.J.E. (1976) Different mass transfer rates of labeled sugars and tritiated water in the xylem vessels and their dependency on metabolism. Plant Physiol. 57, 911–914
Van Bel, A.J.E., Van der Schoot, C. (1980) Light-stimulated biphasic amino acid uptake by xylem parenchyma cells. Plant Sci. Lett. 19, 101–107
Van Bel, A.J.E., Van Erven, A.J. (1979) A model for proton and potassium co-transport during the uptake of glutamine and sucrose by tomato internode disks. Planta 145, 77–82
Van Die, J. (1958) On the occurrence of alpha-keto acids and organic nitrogen compounds in xylem exudates of cucumber and tomato plants. Proc. Kon. Ned. Ak. Wet. C 61, 572–578
Weigl, J. (1967) Beweis für die Beteiligung von beweglichen Transportstrukturen (Trägern) beim Ionentransport durch pflanzliche Membranen und die Kinetik des Anionentransports bei Elodea densa im Licht und Dunkeln. Planta 75, 327–342
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
van Bel, A.J.E., Ammerlaan, A. Light-promoted diffusional amino acid efflux from Commelina leaf disks. Planta 152, 115–123 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00391182
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00391182