Abstract
Species of the copepod genus Calanus frequently dominate the marine zooplankton in boreal and arctic waters. Up to now there have been no operational means of identifying several species closely related to Calanus finmarchicus. Reanalysis of these taxa, using material from plankton samples collected throughout Northern Hemisphere polar and coreal waters, shows that there are 3 sibling species which have been previously combined under the names C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis. Several new taxonomic characters permit unequivocal identification of C. finmarchicus, C. glacialis, and a new species, C. marshallae. Claims that C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis are subspecies are refuted; there is no evidence that the two species continuously intergrade either where they co-occur or where they are allopatric, nor is there evidence that the two species hybridize. C. finmarchicus is basically restricted to the North Atlantic Ocean and C. marshallae to the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea; C. glacialis is primarily an Arctic species, but its geographical distribution slightly overlaps those of the other two species. Taxa closely related to C. finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus probably represent two separate, but closely linked evolutionary lineage; species of these two lineages are placed in one of two species groups, the finmarchicus group and the helgolandicus group.
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Communicated by J. Bunt, Miami
Contribution No. 755 from the Department of Oceanography, University of Washington.
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Frost, B.W. Calanus marshallae, a new species of calanoid copepod closely allied to the sibling species C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis . Mar. Biol. 26, 77–99 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00389089
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00389089