Abstract
Spinach chloroplasts capable of high rates of CO2 fixation have been isolated in glycinebetaine as an alternative osmoticum to sorbitol and found to be very stable. Proline was a less satisfactory alternatine. The possible significance of the use of glycinebetaine is discussed as this solute may be the physiological cytoplasmic osmoticum in members of the Chenopodiaceae.
References
Ahmad, N.: Aspects of glycinebetaine phytochemistry and metabolic functions in plants. Ph.D. thesis, University of Wales, Cardiff 1978
Chu, T.H., Aspinall, D., Paleg, L.G.: Stress metabolism V11 Salinity and proline accumulation in barley. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 3, 219–228 (1976)
Flowers, T.J., Troke, P.F., Yeo, A.R.: The mechanism of salt tolerance in halophytes. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 28, 89–121 (1977)
Hall, J.L., Harvey, D.M.E., Flowers, T.J.: Evidence for the cytoplasmic localization of betaine in leaf cells of Suaeda maritima. Planta 140, 59–62 (1978)
Heber, U., Santarius, K.A.: Direct and indirect transfer of ATP and ADP across the chloroplast envelope. Z. Naturforsch. 25B, 718–728 (1970)
Hellebust, J.A.: Osmoregulation. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 27, 485–505 (1976)
Jensen, R.G., Bassham, J.A.: Photosynthesis by isolated chloroplasts. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 56, 1095–1101 (1966)
Kauss, H.: Biochemistry of osmotic regulation. In: Plant Biochemistry II: International Review of Biochemistry, vol. 13, pp. 119–140, Northcote, D.H., ed. Baltimore: University Press 1977
Larkum, A.W.D., Boardman, K.: The effect of nigericin and valinomycin on CO2 fixation electron transport and P 518 in intact spinach chloroplasts. FEBS Lett. 40, 229–232 (1974)
Shkedy-Vinkler, C., Avi-Dor, Y.: Betaine-induced stimulation of respiration at high osmolarities in a halotolerant bacterium. Biochem. J. 150, 219–226 (1975)
Stewart, G.R., Lee, J.A.: The role of proline accumulation in halophytes. Planta 120, 279–289 (1974)
Storey, R., Ahmad, N., Wyn Jones, R.G.: Taxonomic and related aspects of the distribution of glycinebetaine and related compounds in plants. Oecologia 27, 319–332 (1977)
Walker, D.A.: Photosynthetic activity of isolated pea chloroplasts, In: Biochemistry of Chloroplasts, vol. 2, p. 53, Goodwin, T.W., ed. London: Academic Press 1967
Walker, D.A., Hill, R.: The relation of oxygen evolution to carbon assimilation with isolated chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys. Acta 131, 330–338 (1967)
Wyn Jones, R.G., Storey, R.: Bettaines, In: The Physiology and Biochemistry of Drought Tolerance in Plants, Paleg, L. G., Aspinall, D., eds. New York: Academic Press (in press)
Wyn Jones, R.G., Storey, R., Leigh, R.A., Ahmad, N., Pollard, A.: A hypothesis on cytoplasmic osmoregulation. In: Regulation of Cell Membrane Activities in Plants, pp. 121–136, Marrè, E., Ciferri, O., eds. Amsterdam: North Holland 1977
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Larkum, A.W.D., Wyn Jones, R.G. Carbon dioxide fixation by chloroplasts isolated in glycinebetaine. Planta 145, 393–394 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00388367
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00388367