Abstract
Phosphon-D (tributyl-2, 4-dichlorobenzylphosphonium chloride), known as an inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis, enhances photosynthetic electron transport by up to 200%, with Fe(CN) 3-6 and NADP+ being the electron acceptors. Maximum stimulation is reached at phosphon-D concentrations around 2–5 μM. At the same time photosynthetic ATP formation is gradually inhibited. Phosphon-D concentrations over 0.1 mM inhibit electron transport. The uncoupling activity of phosphon-D is manifested by inhibition of noncyclic ATP synthesis and by stimulation of light-induced electron flow. The inhibition of ATP synthesis drastically decreases photosynthetic carbon assimilation in a reconstituted spinach chloroplast system. The two ATP-dependent kinase reactions of the reductive pentose phosphate cycle become the rate-limiting steps. On the other hand a stimulated photoelectron transport increases the NADPH/NADP+ ratio, resulting in a drastic inhibition of chloroplast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), the key enzyme of the oxidative pentose phosphate cycle. When light-induced electron flow is inhibited by high phosphon-D concentrations and the NADPH/NADP+ ratio is low, the light-dependent inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is gradually abolished.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- AMO-1618:
-
2-isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-1-piperidinecarboxylate methyl chloride
- B-Nine:
-
N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid
- CCC:
-
(2-chloroethyl)-trimethylammonium chloride
- DCMU:
-
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethyl urea
- DCPIP:
-
dichlorophenolindophenol
- G-6-PDH:
-
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- FBP:
-
fructose bisphosphate
- F-6-P:
-
fructose-6-phosphate
- 3-PGA:
-
3-phosphoglyceric acid
- Posphon-D:
-
tributyl-2,4-dichlorobenzylphosphonium chloride
- PMP:
-
pentose monophosphates
- PPC:
-
pentose phosphate cycle
- RuBP:
-
ribulose bisphosphate
- Ru-5-P:
-
ribulose-5-phosphate
References
Audus, L.J.: Plant growth substances. Vol. I. Chemistry and physiology. London: Leonard Hill 1972
Bassham, J.A., Levine, G., Forger, J.: Photosynthesis in vitro. Plant Sci. Lett. 2, 15–21 (1974)
Berry, D.R., Smith, H.: The inhibition by high concentations of CCC of chlorophyll and protein synthesis in excised barley leaf sections. Planta 91, 80–86 (1970)
Blackkolb, F., Schlegel, H.G.: Regulation der Glucose-6-phosphat-Dehydrogenase aus Hydrogenomonas H 16 durch ATP und NADH. Arch. Microbiol. 63, 177–196 (1968)
Cathey, H.M.: Physiology of growth retarding chemicals. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 15, 271–301 (1964)
Dalessandro, G., Vita, E., Lavecchia, R.: Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation on mitochondria from pea seedlings treated with CCC. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 66, 254–257 (1972)
Dennis, D.T., Upper, C.D., West, C.A.: An enzymatic site of inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis by AMO-1618 and other growth retardants. Plant Physiol. 40, 948–952 (1965)
Feige, B., Gimmler, H., Jeschke, W.D., Simonis, W.: Eine Methode zur dünnschichtchromatographischen Auftrennung von 14C-und 32P-markierten Stoffwechselprodukten. J. Chromatogr. 41, 80–90 (1969)
Halevy, A.H., Shilo, R.: Promotion of growth and flowering and increase in content of endogenous gibberellins in Gladiolus plants treated with the growth retardant CCC. Physiol. Plant. 23, 820–827 (1970)
Jensen, R.G., Bassham, J.A.: Photosynthesis by isolated chloroplasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 56, 1095–1101 (1966)
Lendzian, K.J., Ziegler, H.: deÜber die Regulation der Glucose-6-phosphat-Dehydrogenase in Spinatchloroplasten durch Licht. Planta 94, 27–36 (1970)
Lendzian, K.J., Ziegler, H.: Effect of light on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in spinach chloroplasts, In: Proceedings IInd Intern. Congr. Photosyn. Res., vol. 3, pp. 1831–1838, Fortti, G., Avron, M., Melandri, A., eds. The Hague: Junk 1972
Lendzian, K.J., Bassham, J.A.: Regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in spinach chloroplasts by ribulose-1,5-diphosphate and NADPH/NADP+ ratios. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 396, 260–275 (1975)
Lendzian, K.J., Bassham, J.A.: NADPH/NADP+ ratios in photosynthesizing reconstituted chloroplasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 430, 478–489 (1976)
Libera, W., Ziegler, H., Ziegler, I.: Förderung der Hill-Reaktion und der Co2-Fixierung in isolierten Spinatchloroplasten durch niedere Sulfitkonzentrationen. Planta 109, 269–279 (1973)
Ninnemann, H., Zeevaart, J.A.D., Kende, H., Lang, A.: The plant growth retardant CCC as inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis in Fusarium moniliforme. Planta 61, 229–235 (1964)
Preston, W.H., Link, C.B.: Use of 2,4-dichlorobenzyltributylphosphonium chloride to dwarf plants. Plant Physiol. 33 (Suppl.) XLIX (1958)
Reid, D.M., Crozier, A.: CCC-induced increase of gibberellin levels in pea seedlings. Planta 94, 95–106 (1970)
Vernon, L.P.: Spectrophotometric determination of chlorophylls and pheophytins in plant extracts. Anal. Chem. 32, 1144–1150 (1960)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Drs.h.c. Adolf Butenandt on the occasion of his 75. birthday
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lendzian, K.J., Ziegler, H. & Sankhla, N. Effect of phosphon-D on photosynthetic light reactions and on reactions of the oxidative and reductive pentose phosphate cycle in a reconstituted spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplast system. Planta 141, 199–204 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00387889
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00387889