Summary
In Fig. 1 we have reproduced the action spectrum of photomorphogenesis in fern gametophytes (Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott). The morphogenetic index L/W is shown as a function of wavelength (L=length, W=maximal width of the protonema). In experiments in which simultaneous irradiation with red and far-red was applied it has been shown (Fig. 2) that the effect of red light (lowering of the L/W-index) can be nullified by a simultaneous application of a suitable quantum flux density of far-red light. This fact means that the effects of red and far-red light on morphogenesis as measured by the L/W-index (Fig. 1) can be attributed exclusively to phytochrome.
The strong morphogenetic effect of short wavelenth visible (=blue) light (strong lowering of the L/W-index) cannot be influenced by simultaneously applied far-red light (Fig. 4), whereas red light cancels the effect of blue light to a certain extent as measured by the L/W-index (Fig. 5). It has been concluded that the effect of blue light is due to a photoreceptor other than phytochrome, probably a flavoprotein. The antagonism between blue and red can be understood if we assume that the phytochrome-mediated growth at the tip of the apical cell of the protonema (e.g. Etzold, 1965) is fully promoted by P730 only at a high relative concentration of P730. The low relative concentration of P730 under far-red light is too low to counteract significantly the blue light dependent response. Blue light initiates isodiametric growth of the apical cell instead of tip growth (Mohr, 1965). Under far-red light (a low level of P730) growth of the apical cell seems to be restricted to the extreme tip of the apical cell. Slender protonemas with a high L/W-index are the result. Under red light (a high level of P730) the growing zone of the apical cell is somewhat broader. As a consequence the protonemas are broader and the L/W-index is lowered.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literatur
Briggs, W. R., and H. P. Chon: The physiological versus the spectrophotometric status of phytochrom in corn coleoptiles. Plant Physiol. 41, 1159–1166 (1966).
Chon, H. P., and W. R. Briggs: Effect of red light on the phototropic sensitivity of corn coleoptiles. Plant Physiol. 41, 1715–1724 (1966).
Etzold, H.: Der Polarotropismus und Phototropismus der Chloronemen von Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott. Planta (Berl.) 64, 254–280 (1965).
Hartmann, K. M.: A general hypothesis to interprete “high energy phenomena” of photomorphogenesis on the basis of phytochrome. Photochem. Photobiol. 5, 349–366 (1966).
—, H. Menzel u. H. Mohr: Ein Beitrag zur polarotropischen und phototropischen Krümmung. Planta (Berl.) 64, 363–375 (1965).
Kasemir, H., u. H. Mohr: Die Regulation von Chlorophyll-und Proteingehalt in Farnvorkeimen durch sichtbare Strahlung. Planta (Berl.) 67, 33–43 (1965).
Miller, J. H., and P. M. Miller: Effects of red and far-red illumination on the elongation of fern protonemata and rhizoids. Plant Cell Physiol. 4, 65–72 (1963).
——: Blue light in the development of fern gametophytes and its interaction with far-red and red light. Amer. J. Bot. 51, 329–334 (1964).
Mohr, H.: Die Beeinflussung der Keimung von Farnsporen durch Licht und andere Faktoren. Planta (Berl.) 46, 534–551 (1956a).
—: Die Abhängigkeit des Protonemawachstums und der Protonemapolarität bei Farnen durch Licht. Planta (Berl.) 47, 127–158 (1956b).
—: Die Steuerung der Entwicklung durch Licht am Beispiel der Farngametophyten. Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 78, 54–68 (1965).
—: Photomorphogenesis. In: The physiology of plant growth, development and responses (M. B. Wilkins, ed.). Maidenhaed: McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1967 (in press).
—, U. Meyer u. K. Hartmann: Die Beeinflussung der Farnsporenkeimung [Osmunda cinnamomea (L.) und O. claytoniana (L.)] über das Phytochromsystem und die Photosynthese. Planta (Berl.) 60, 483–496 (1964).
Ohlenroth, K., u. H. Mohr: Die Steuerung der Proteinsynthese durch Blaulicht und Hellrot in den Vorkeimen von Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott. Planta (Berl.) 62, 160–170 (1964).
Pratt, L. H., and W. R. Briggs: Photochemical and nonphotochemical reactions of phytochrome in vivo. Plant Physiol. 41, 467–474 (1966).
Rau, W.: Untersuchungen über die lichtabhängige Carotinoid-Synthese. I. Das Wirkungsspektrum von Fusarium aquaeductum. Planta (Berl.) 72, 14–28 (1967).
Schnarrenbergen, C.: Die Morphogenese und die Proteinsynthese der Farnvorkeime von Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott. bei Mischlichtversuchen. Zulassungsarbeit, Universität Freiburg i. Br. (1966).
Siegelman, H. W., and W. L. Butler: Properties of phytochrome. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 16, 383–392 (1965).
Steiner, A. M.: Der Einfluß von Licht und Temperatur auf die Sporenkeimung bei Sphaerocarpus donnellii. Aust. (Hepaticae). Z. Bot. 52, 245–282 (1964).
Taylor, A. O., and B. A. Bonner: Isolation of phytochrome from the algae Mesotaenium and liverwort Sphaerocarpus. Plant Physiol. 42 (in press 1967).
Warburg, O., A. W. Geissler u. S. Lorenz: CO2-Drucke über Bikarbonat-Karbonatgemischen. Z. Naturforsch. 16b, 283 (1961).
Weidner, M., M. Jacobs u. H. Mohr: Über den Einfluß des Phytochroms auf den Gehalt an RNS und Protein in Senfkeimlingen (Sinapis alba L.). Z. Naturforsch. 20b, 689–693 (1965).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schnarrenberger, C., Mohr, H. Die Wechselwirkung von Hellrot, Dunkelrot und Blaulicht bei der Photomorphogenese von Farngametophyten [Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott]. Planta 75, 114–124 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00387127
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00387127