Summary
The flowering and inflorescence development of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Pink Champagne under non-inductive long days was promoted by exogenous application of GA5, GA3, GA4+GA7 or GA9 in combination with the cytokinin, BA. The combination of BA and GA5 was highly effective, BA and GA3 moderately effective. Applications of the GAs alone or BA alone also resulted in some flowering, with GA3 and GA5 being most effective. In general, the effects of GA and BA were synergistic, and the concentration of both growth substances was a limiting factor with regard to the number of plants flowering under long days. Only the concentration of GA was a limiting factor for inflorescence development, however. Simultaneous application of indole-3-acetic acid reduced inflorescence development in most treatments. Development to the stage of anthesis was in no case effected.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- BA:
-
N6-benzyladenine
- GA:
-
gibberellin
- IAA:
-
indole-3-acetic acid
References
Barbat, I., Ochesanu, C.: The action of gibberellin A3 on Chrysanthemum morifolium in non-inductive photoperiodic conditions. Naturwissenschaften 13, 316–317 (1964).
Cathey, H. M.: Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl. In: The induction of flowering, some case histories, p. 268–290, Evans, L.T., ed. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Press 1969.
Cathey, H. M., Borthwick, H. A.: Photoreversibility of floral initiation in Chrysanthemum. Bot. Gaz. 119, 71–76 (1957).
Chailakhyan, M. Kh.: Flowering hormones of plants. In: Biochemistry and physiology of plant growth substances, p. 1317–1340, F. Wightman and G. Setterfield, eds. Ottawa: Runge Press 1968.
Doorenbos, J.: Gibberellic acid substitutes for low temperature in certain varieties of chrysanthemum. In: Colloque internat. sur le Parma. Photo-Thermoperiodism, Internat. Union of Biol. Sci., Ser. B, No 34, p. 51–54. Paris: UIBS (Publications) 1957.
Harada, H., Nitsch, J. P.: Flower induction in Japanese chrysanthemums with gibberellic acid. Science 129, 777–778 (1959).
Lona, F., Bocchi, A.: Morphogenetic and organogenetic effects induced by kinetin on some herbaceous plants under controlled external conditions. Nuovo G. bot. ital., n.s. 64, 236–246 (1957).
Nanda, K. K., Krishnamoorthy, H. N., Anuradha, T. A., Lal, Krishan: Floral induction by gibberellic acid in Impatiens balsamina a qualitative short-day plant. Planta (Berl.) 76, 367–370 (1967).
Okada, M.: Classification of Chrysanthemum varieties in view of their environmental responses to flowering. J. Hort. Ass. Japan 21, 251 (1957). (Cited after Cathey, 1969.)
Schwabe, W. W.: Some effects of environment and hormone treatment on reproductive morphogenesis in the chrysanthemum. J. Linn. Soc. London (Bot.) 56, 254–261 (1959).
Stuart, N. W., Cathey, H. M.: Control of growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum morifolium and Hydrangea macrophylla by gibberellin. 15th Internatl. Hort. Cong., Proc. 2, 391–399 (1962).
Venkataraman, R., Seth, P. N., Maheshwari, S. C.: Studies on the growth and flowering of a short-day plant, Wolffia microscopica. I. General aspects and induction of flowering by cytokinins. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 62, 316–327 (1970).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This research was supported by National Research Council of Canada Grant No. 2585.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pharis, R.P. Flowering of Chrysanthemum under non-inductive long days by gibberellins and N6-benzyladenine. Planta 105, 205–212 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00385392
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00385392