Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of a growth retardant, CCC, on leaf growth in Phaseolus vulgaris

  • Published:
Planta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

  1. 1.

    CCC applied at 10-2 M during early stages of germination of darkgrown plants led to increases in cell number and fresh and dry weight of the primary leaves. These effects could be reversed by application of 10 μg GA3 per plant after emergence above the soil.

  2. 2.

    Irradiation with red light for short periods also increased cell number and fresh weight of leaves. This effect could be reversed by far-red radiation, but not by application of GA3.

  3. 3.

    Responses to both CCC and light were dependent upon the continued presence of the cotyledons, which it is suggested supply a growth factor required by stem and leaves.

  4. 4.

    Treatment of plants grown in 12-hour days with CCC, reduced area and rate of expansion of primary and trifoliate leaves. For the latter, a change in leaflet shape was found. Cell number of primary leaves was not affected under these conditions, but that of trifoliate leaves was reduced. A smaller reduction in cell number was noted for the third trifoliate leaves on treated plants; this was shown to be due to the fact that this leaf was not shaded by the primary leaves as was the case for first and second trifoliate leaves.

  5. 5.

    The effects of GA3 in counteracting the responses to CCC are described. It is suggested that applications of CCC and GA3 may modify the pattern and polarity of cell expansion in leaves.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allsopp, A.: The effects of gibberellic acid on morphogenesis in Marsilea drummondii. Phytomorphology 12, 1–10 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnon, D. I.: Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol. 24, 1–15 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, R. D.: The effect of light intensity on stem and leaf growth in broad bean seedlings. J. exp. Bot. 14, 142–152 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cathey, H. M.: Physiology of growth retarding chemicals. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 15, 271–302 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, J. E.: Some effects of alternating temperature on the growth of French bean plants. Ann. Bot., N.S. 28, 127–135 (1964a).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Leaf growth in Phaseolus vulgaris. I. Growth of the first pair of leaves under constant conditions. Ann. Bot., N.S. 28, 579–589 (1964b).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Determination of cell numbers in dried leaf material. Nature (Lond.) 204, 904 (1964c).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Leaf growth in Phaseolus vulgaris. 2. Temperature effects and the light factor. Ann. Bot., N.S. 29, 293–308 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: The effect of nutritional factors and certain growth substances on the growth of disks cut from young leaves of Phaseolus. Physiol. Plant 19, 385–396 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, J. E., and G. M. Felippe: The gibberellin content and early seedling growth of plants of Phaseolus vulgaris treated with the growth retardant CCC. Planta (Berl.) in press, 1968.

  • Downs, R. J.: Photoreversibility of leaf and hypocotyl elongation of dark-grown red kidney bean seedlings. Plant Physiol. 30, 468–473 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, and H. M. Cathey: Effects of light, gibberellin, and a quaternary ammonium compound on the growth of dark-grown red kidney beans. Bot. Gaz. 121, 233–237 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyson, P. W.: Effects of gibberellic acid and 2-chloroethyl trimethyl-ammonium chloride on potato growth and development. J. Sci. Fd. Agric. 16, 542–549 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Felippe, G. M.: Effects of a quaternary ammonium compound and gibberellic acid on the growth of Phaseolus. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Edinburgh (1967).

  • Fletcher, R. A., R. L. Peterson, and S. Zalik: Effect of light quality on elongation, adventitious root production and the relation of cell number and cell size to bean seedling elongation. Plant Physiol. 40, 541–548 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, R. A.: Alteration of leaf size and shape and other changes caused by gibberellins in plants. Amer. J. Bot. 44, 674–682 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, F. G.: Studies in the energy relations of plants. II. The effect of temperature on increase in area of leaf surface and in dry weight of Cucumis sativus. Part I. The effect of temperature on the increase in area of leaf surface. Ann. Bot. 42, 469–507 (1928).

    Google Scholar 

  • Haber, A. H., and D. E. Foard: Nonessentiality of concurrent cell divisions for degree of polarization of leaf growth. II. Evidence from untreated plants and from chemically induced changes of the degree of polarization. Amer. J. Bot. 50, 937–944 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphries, E. C.: Effects of 2-chloroethyl trimethylammonium chloride on plant growth, leaf area, and net assimilation rate. Ann. Bot., N.S. 27, 517–532 (1963a).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, and S. A. W. French: A growth study of sugar beet treated with gibberellic acid and 2-chloroethyl trimethylammonium chloride (CCC). Ann. appl. Biol. 55, 159–173 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphries, E. C., and A. W. Wheeler: Cell division and growth substances in leaves. in Regulateurs naturels de la croissance végétale. Ed. du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, p. 505–515. Paris 1964.

  • Hurd, R. G., and A. R. Rees: Transmission error in the photometric estimation of leaf area. Plant Physiol. 41, 905–906 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Laborie, M. E.: Contribution a l'étude des actions de la gibberelline et du chlorocholine sur le metabolisme des pigments foliares. II. Actions de la gibberelline et du CCC sur les teneurs et sur les vitesses de renouvellement des pigments chloroplastiques. Ann. Physiol. vég. Paris 5, 89–113 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindstrom, R. S., and N. E. Tolbert: 2-chloroethyl trimethylammonium chloride and related compounds as plant growth substances. IV. Effect on Chrysanthemums and Poinsettias. Q. Bull. Mich. St. Univ. agric. Exp. Stn. 42, 917–928 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, D.: Light and leaf growth of Phaseolus. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Edinburgh (1968).

  • Sachs, R. M., A. Lang, C. F. Bretz, and J. Roach: Shoot histogenesis: subapical meristematic activity in a caulescent plant and the action of GA and AMO-1618. Amer. J. Bot. 47, 260–266 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, A. W.: Effect of removing cotyledons, apical growing region or trifoliate leaves on the growth and growth substance content of dwarf French bean. J. exp. Bot. 17, 621–626 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, G. L.: Studies on the expansion of the leaf surface. V. J. exp. Bot. 17, 440–451 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeevaart, J. A. D.: Effects of the growth retardant CCC on floral initiation and growth in Pharbitis nil. Plant Physiol. 39, 402–408 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. G. M. Felippe

    Present address: Instituto de Botanica, c.p. 4005, São Paulo, Brazil

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Botany Department, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

    G. M. Felippe & J. E. Dale

Authors
  1. G. M. Felippe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. E. Dale
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Felippe, G.M., Dale, J.E. Effects of a growth retardant, CCC, on leaf growth in Phaseolus vulgaris . Planta 80, 328–343 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00385386

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00385386

Keywords

Search

Navigation