Summary
The Psychiatric University Hospital Zürich (‘Burghölzli’) is taking part in the ‘WHO Collaborative Study on the Assessment and Reduction of Psychiatric Disability’. This multicenter project aims to assess the development of social disability for schizophrenic psychoses of relatively recent onset.
This paper provides a brief review of underlying concepts, the prospective procedure, and the screening criteria applying to all centers. The research team at ‘Burghölzli’ has greatly extended the general design. Apart from the “obligatory” assessment of 69 first admitted schizophrenics (initial assessment on first hospitalization or outpatient treatment and follow-ups after 1, 2, and 5 years) we have also interviewed a control sample of 60 healthy persons (including a 2-year follow-up) and an ‘extreme’ sample of 46 chronic schizophrenic outpatients legally entitled to disability pension. Moreover, we have used several supplementary assessment instruments.
This paper is to discuss the purpose of our extended research design. All cohorts are described with respect to screening criteria, sampling procedure, and some basic characteristics; furthermore, a review is given of the additional assessment instruments. It is intended to provide basic information for subsequent papers dealing with results from the study.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baumann U, Dittrich A (1975) Konstruktion einer deutschsprachigen Psychotizismus-Skala. Z Exp Psychol 22:421–443
Baumann U, Dittrich A (1976) Überprüfung der Fragebogendimension P (Psychotizismus) im Vergleich zu Extraversion und Neurotizismus. Z Klin Psychol 5:1–23
Cohen J (1968) Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit. Psychol Bull 70:213–220
Ebnöther D (1980) Norm und Normalität: Überprüfung des Normbereichs sozialen Verhaltens. Lizentiatsarbeit at University of Zurich, unpublished
Fehr-Suter V (1981) Beschreibung der Lebenssituation chronisch schizophrener Patienten. Lizentiatsarbeit at University of Zurich, unpublished
Gurland BJ, Yorkston NJ, Stone AR, Frank JD, Fleiss JL (1972a) The structured and scaled interview to assess maladjustment (SSIAM). I. Description, rationale, and development. Arch Gen Psychiatry 27:259–264
Gurland BJ, Yorkston NJ, Goldberg K, Fleiss JL, Sloane RB, Cristol AH (1972b) The structured and scaled interview to assess maladjustment (SSIAM): II. Factor analysis, reliability, and validity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 27:264–267
Isele R, Angst J (1982) Life-Events und prämorbide soziale Beziehungen bei ersterkrankten Schizophrenen. In: Huber G (ed) Endogene Psychosen: Diagnostik, Basissymptome und biologische Parameter. Schattauer, Stuttgart New York, pp 43–57
Isele R, Merz J, Malzacher M, Angst J (1985) Social disability in schizophrenia: The controlled prospective Burghölzli study. II. Premorbid living situation and social adjustment —Comparison with a normal control sample. Eur Arch Psychiatr Neurol Sci 234:348–356
Jablensky A, Schwarz R, Tomov T (1980) WHO collaborative study on impairments and disabilities associated with schizophrenic disorders. A preliminary communication: Objectives and methods. In: Strömgren E, Dupont A, Nielsen JA (eds) Epidemiological Research as basis for the organization of extramural psychiatry. Acta Psychiatr Scand (Suppl) 285, 62:152–163
Malzacher M, Merz J, Ebnöther D (1981) Einschneidende Lebensereignisse im Vorfeld akuter schizophrener Episoden. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 230:227–242
Overall JE, Gorham DR (1962) The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychol Rep 10:799–812
Ruesch J (1969) The assessment of social disability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 21:655–664
Ruesch J, Brodsky CM (1968) The concept of social disability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 19:394–403
Ruesch J, Jospe S, Peterson HW, Imbeau S (1972) Measurement of social disability. Compr Psychiatry 13:507–518
Schubart C, Krumm B, Biehl H, Schwarz R (1982) Behinderungsmessung bei neuerkrankten schizophrenen Patienten — Entwicklung eines Instruments und erste Ergebnisse. In: Huber G (ed) Endogene Psychosen: Diagnostik, Basissymptome und biologische Parameter. Schattauer, Stuttgart New York, SS 145–155
Schwarz R, Michael J (1977) Zum Konzept von (psychischer) Behinderung. Nervenarzt 48:656–662
Süllwold L (1977) Symptome schizophrener Erkrankungen. Uncharakteristische Basisstörungen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Süllwold L (1981) Bassisstörungen: Ergebnisse und offene Fragen. In: Huber G (ed) Schizophrenie. Stand und Entwicklungstendenzen der Forschung. Schattauer, Stuttgart New York, pp 269–275
Tennant C, Andrews G (1976) A scale to measure the stress of life events. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 10:27–32
Tennant C, Andrews G (1977) A scale to measure the cause of life events. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 11:163–167
Weissman MM, Paykel ES (1974) The depressed woman: a study of social relationships. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
WHO (1973) The international pilot study of schizophrenia, vol 1. WHO, Geneva
WHO (1979) Schizophrenia. An international follow-up study. Wiley, New York
Wiersma D, Giel R, de Jong A, Slooff CJ (in press) Measuring social disability in schizophrenic patients. In: Sluss TK, Kramer M, Gruenberg EM, Cooper B (eds) The chronically mentally ill: An international perspective
Wing JK (1976) Eine praktische Grundlage für die Soziotherapie bei Schizophrenie. In: Huber G (ed) Therapie, Rehabilitation und Prävention schizophrener Erkrankungen. Schattauer, Stuttgart New York, pp 31–54
Wing JK, Cooper JE, Sartorius N (1974) The measurement and classification of psychiatric symptoms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Wood P (1975) Classification of impairments and handicaps. Paper prepared for the International Conference for the 9th Revision of the International Classification of diseases, WHO, Geneva, 30 Sept.–6 Oct. 1975
Zerssen D von (1976) Klinische Selbstbeurteilungs-Skalen (KSb-S) aus dem Münchener Psychiatrischen Informations-System (PSYCHIS München). Depressivitäts-Skala. Beltz, Weinheim
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Project supported by grants 3.877.79 and 3.975.82 from the Swiss National Science Foundation
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Isele, R., Angst, J. Social disability in schizophrenia: The controlled prospective Burghölzli study. Eur Arch Psychiatr Neurol Sci 234, 341–347 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00381046
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00381046