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Consumer participation in government decisionmaking: New drug evaluation in Australia and the United States

Verbraucherbeteiligung bei staatlichen Entscheidungen: Die Prüfung neuer Arzneimittel in Australien und in den Vereinigten Staaten

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Abstract

Prescription drugs may give rise to severe and in some cases, irreversible consumer injury. In order to minimize the risk of injury to consumers, governments in both Australia and the United States have established procedures for evaluating new drugs. To this end, the relevant government authorities in both countries are assisted by “in house” experts and independent advisory committees. A number of characteristics concerning new drug evaluation in Australia make representation of the “at risk” group on the relevant government committee highly desirable. A model for participatory decisionmaking of this nature is provided by the Advisory Committee system established by the U.S. Federal Food and Drug Administration. While the task of recruiting suitably qualified individuals to serve as consumer representatives is not without difficulties, nevertheless the findings of an American and an Australian survey of consumer representatives suggest that the ideal of participatory decisionmaking should not be abandoned. Instead a more selective approach should be adopted whereby representatives would be confined to committees in “key areas” such as consumer health and safety.

Zusammenfassung

Verschreibungspflichtige Arzneimittel können ernste und manchmal irreversible Gesundheitsschäden hervorrufen. Um das Schadensrisiko für Verbraucher so gering wie möglich zu halten, haben die Regierungen von Australien und den Vereinigten Staaten Verfahren zur Prüfung neuer Arzneimittel entwickelt. Dabei werden die zuständigen Behörden beider Länder nicht nur durch hauseigene Experten, sondern auch durch unabhängige Beiräte unterstützt.

Australien weist einige Besonderheiten auf; die Behörden führen keine unabhängigen Untersuchungen neuer Arzneimittel durch. Da der Regierung und der Industrie nur eine beschränkte Anzahl medizinischer Experten zur Verfügung steht, können auch Nicht-Mediziner Mitglied des australischen Arzneimittelbeirates werden. Erfahrungen in den Vereinigten Staaten sprechen sogar dafür, daß die medizinischen Experten bei der Prüfung neuer Arzneimittel nicht immer im Interesse des Arzneimittelverbrauchers gehandelt haben.

Der Beitrag schlägt daher vor, die Interessen der betroffenen Arzneimittelverbraucher durch direkte Mitgliedschaft im australischen Arzneimittelbeirat zu vertreten. Als Modell für diese Beteiligung von Betroffenen kann der Beirat der amerikanischen Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) dienen. Die Beiräte der FDA bestehen nicht nur aus Mitgliedern, die von wissenschaftlichen und ständischen Organisationen benannt wurden, sondern auch aus Mitgliedern aus Verbrauchergruppen. Wenn es auch in Einzelfällen schwierig sein kann, ausreichend qualifizierte Verbrauchervertreter zu finden, so sprechen doch amerikanische und australische Befunde dafür, das allgemeine Ziel von Entscheidungsmitwirkung durch Betroffene beizubehalten. Allerdings sollte sich die Beteiligung auf Beiräte in solchen Kerngebieten wie Verbrauchergesundheit und Verbrauchersicherheit beschränken.

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Authors

Additional information

Leanna W. Darvall is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Legal Studies, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia 3038.

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Darvall, L.W. Consumer participation in government decisionmaking: New drug evaluation in Australia and the United States. J Consum Policy 9, 41–55 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00380309

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00380309

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