Abstract
The fatty acid composition of five embryo stages following the induction of embryogenesis in cultures of Daucus carota have been studied. Quantitative rather than qualitative changes in fatty acid content were observed, although globular embryos do possess some fatty acids of long (C 20 and above) chain length not observed in earlier or later stages in development. The major fatty acids present were C 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- SM:
-
small meristematic
- LV:
-
large vacuolated
- GLC:
-
gas-liquid chromatography
- TLC:
-
thin lager chromatography
References
Bligh, E.G., Dyer, W.J.: A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 27, 911–917 (1959)
Bloomfield, D.K., Bloch, K.: The formation of unsaturated fatty acids. J. Biol. Chem. 235, 337–345 (1960)
Brown, S., Wetherell, D.F., Dougall, D.K.: The potassium requirement for growth and embryogenesis in wild carrot suspension cultures. Plant Physiol. 37, 73–77 (1976)
Davies, P.J.: Current theories on the mode of action of auxin. Bot. Rev. 39, 139–151 (1973)
De Kruyff, B., De Greef, W. J., Van Eyk, R.V.W., Demel, R.A., Van Deenen, L.L.M.: The effect of different fatty acids and sterol composition on the erythritol flux through the cell membrane of Acholeplasma, laidlawii. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 298, 479–499 (1973)
De Silva, N.D.S., Fowler, M.W.: The lipid composition of Acer, pseudoplatanus cells grown in culture. Phytochemistry 15, 1735–1740 (1976)
Fowler, M.W.: Metabolism of [2-14C]acetate to amino acids and proteins in segments of bean seedling roots. Planta 112, 235–242 (1973)
Fricker, A.: Fats and lipids in fruit and vegetables. Wiss. Veröff. Dtsch. Ges. Ernährung 24, 78–81 (1973)
Hayes, L., Lowry, R.L., Tinsley, I.J.: Cholesterol interference in analysis of fatty acid methyl esters. Lipids 6, 65–66 (1971)
Hitchcock, C., Nichols, B.W.: Plant Lipid Biochemistry, p. 71. New York: Academic Press 1971
Holloway, P.J.: The composition of suberin from the corks of Quercus, suber L. and Betula, pendula Roll. Chem. Phys. Lipids 9, 158–170 (1972)
Jones, L.H.: Factors influencing embryogenesis in carrot cultures (Daucus carota L.). Ann. Bot. 38, 1077–1085 (1974)
Lynen, F.: Biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids. In: Lipid metabolism. Fedn. Proc. Fedn. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 20, 941–951 (1961)
Marker, A., Paleg, L.G., Spotswood, T.M.: Interactions between indole-3-acetic acid and phospholipid in deuterochloroform as determined by 1H, 13C and 31P NMP spectrometry. In: Plant Growth Regulation. Pilet, P.E., ed., Berlin: Springer 1977
McElhaney, R.N., De Gier, J., Van Der Neutkok, E.C.M.: The effects of alterations in fatty acid composition and cholesterol content on the non-electrolyte permeability of Acholeplasma, laidlawii and cells and derived liposomes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 298, 500–512 (1973)
McWilliam, A.A., Smith, S.M., Street, H.E.: The origin and development of embryoids in suspension cultures of carrot (Daucus, carota). Ann. Bot. 38, 243–250 (1974)
Metcalfe, L.D., Schmitz, A.A., Pelka, J.R.: Rapid preparation of fatty acid esters from lipids for gas chromatographic analysis. Anal. Chem. 38, 314–315 (1966)
Nordby, H.E., Nagy, S.: Comparative fatty acid profiles if triglycerides, monogalactosyl diglycerides, steryl esters and esterified steryl glucosides. Lipids 6, 554–561 (1971)
Radwan, S.S., Mangold, H.K.: The lipids of plant tissue cultures. Adv. Lipid Res. 14, 171–211 (1976)
Radwan, S.S., Mangold, H.K., Spener, F.: Lipids in plant tissue cultures. I. Very long-chain fatty acids in the lipids of callus cultures and suspension cultures. Chem. Phys. Lipids 13, 103–107 (1974)
Raghaven, V.: Experimental embryogenesis in vascular plants. p. 315, New York: Academic Press 1976
Reinert, J.: Untersuchungen über die Morphogenese an Gewebekulturen. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 71, 15 (1958)
Rubinstein, B., Light, E.N.: Indole acetic acid — enhanced chloride uptake into coleoptile cells. Planta 110, 43–56 (1973)
Smith, S.M., Street, H.E.: The decline of embryogenic potential as callus and suspension cultures of carrot (Daucus carota L.) are serially subcultured. Ann. Bot. 38, 224–241 (1974)
Spener, F., Staba, E.J., Mangold, H.K.: Lipids in plant tissue cultures. II. Unusual fatty acids in lipids of Hydnocarpus, anthelminthica cultures. Chem. Phys. Lipids 12, 344–350 (1974)
Staba, E.J., Shin, B.S., Mangold, H.K.: Lipids in plant tissue cultures. I. The fatty acid composition of triglycerides in rape and turnip rape cultures. Chem. Phys. Lipids 6, 291–295 (1971)
Stearns, E.M., Morton, W.J.: Effects of growth regulators on fatty acids of soybean suspension cultures. Phytochemistry 14, 619–622 (1975)
Steward, F.C.: Growth and development of cultivated cells. III. Interpretations of the growth from free cell to carrot plant. Am. J. Bot. 45, 709–713 (1958)
Street, H.E.: Growth in organised and unorganised systems. Knowledge gained by culture of organs and tissue explants. In: Treatise of Plant Physiology. Steward, F.C., ed. 5B, pp. 200–224, New York: Academic Press 1969
Verma, D.C., Dougall, D.K.: Influence of carbohydrates on quantitative aspects of growth and embryo formation in wild carrot suspension cultures. Plant Physiol. 59, 81–85 (1976)
Warren, G.S., Fowler, M.W.: A physical method for the separation of various stages in the embryogenesis of carrot cell cultures. Plant Sci. Lett. 9, 71–76 (1977)
Warren, G.S., Fowler, M.W.: Cell number and cell doubling times during the development of carrot embryoids in suspension culture. Experientia 34, 356–357 (1978)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Warren, G.S., Fowler, M.W. Changing fatty acid composition during somatic embryogenesis in cultures of Daucus carota . Planta 144, 451–454 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00380121
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00380121