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Synneusis of Kilauea Iki olivines

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Abstract

Olivine phenocrysts in the picritic scoria that erupted from Kilauea Iki in 1959 occur as glomeroporphyritic aggregates of 2–16 crystals. The compositions and three-dimensional textures of the olivines vary within an aggregate and within individual lapilli. The attachment of crystals from different environments indicates that these aggregates formed by synneusis — the swimming together of crystals. Most of the crystals are attached along faces with their a crystallographic axes parallel and their c axes either parallel or perpendicular, so that the structural mismatch and interfacial energy are minimized. Observed facial attachments are consistent with fluid dynamical interactions of crystals falling with their large {010} faces horizontal. The aggregates formed in a liquid-rich magma. Rough computations suggest that the minimum aggregation time could be on the order of minutes. Aggregation of very small crystals suggests that the yield strength was less than 3 dynes cm−2. The textures of the aggregates are similar to those of cumulate peridotites.

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  1. Kathleen R. Schwindinger

    Present address: , 1935-17A Eastchester Road, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA

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  1. Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA

    Kathleen R. Schwindinger & Alfred T. Anderson Jr

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Schwindinger, K.R., Anderson, A.T. Synneusis of Kilauea Iki olivines. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 103, 187–198 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00378504

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