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Quantitative bestimmung verschiedener gasphasenkomponenten des nebenstromrauches von zigaretten in der raumluft als beitrag zum problem des passivrauchens

Quantitative determination of various gas-phase components of the side-stream smoke of cigarettes in the room air as a contribution to the problem of passive-smoking

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Summary

In an unventilated climatized room of 30 m3 30 American-blend cigarettes were simultaneously smoked by machine under standardized conditions. 6 aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, styrene), 5 ketones (acetone, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, methylvinyl-ketone, 2,3-butandione), 5 nitriles (acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isovaleronitrile, valeronitrile) and 4 other gas-phase components of the side-stream smoke (acroleine,2-methyl-furane, 2,5-dimethyl-furane, limonene) were quantitatively determined by gas chromatography using a capillary column. In addition, one cigarette was smoked under identical conditions in a plexiglass chamber having a volume of 272 1, and, in order to compare these two methods, the results were expressed in the dimensions of the climatized room (i.e. 30 cigarettes/30 m3).

Although in these experiments we worked with high smoke concentrations, only for acroleine, which is known to be a strong irritant, were the MICD 1 (0.005 ppm), the MICK 1 (0.01 ppm) and the MAC1 (0.1 ppm) exceeded. The concentration of this compound was 0.37 ppm in the climatized room and 0.38 ppm in the plexiglass chamber.

Using specific physico-chemical methods, we determined the carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide formed when a variable number of cigarettes were smoked in the climatized room. The MICD (9 ppm), the MICK (16 ppm) and the MAC (50 ppm) of carbon monoxide were reached with 4, 7 and 20 cigarettes, respectively. For formaldehyde, the MICD (0.020 ppm) was already exceeded in the unpolluted air (mean value of 10 measurements: 0.036 ppm), whereas the MICK (0.06 ppm) was achieved by smoking about one cigarette. Concerning the nitrogen dioxide- and the nitric oxide-measurements, the experiments showed that the side-stream smoke of the cigarettes used consisted only of nitric oxide.

Zussammenfassung

In einer unbelüfteten Klimakammer von 30 m3 Rauminhalt wurden maschinell gleichzeitig 30 Zigaretten abgeraucht und mittels der Capillarsäulen-Gaschromatographie 6 aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (Benzol, Toluol, o-Xylol, m-Xylol, p-Xylol, Styrol), 5 Ketone (Aceton, 2-Butanon, 2-Pentanon, Methyl-Vinyl-Keton, 2,3-Butandion), 5 Nitrile (Acetonitril, Propionitril, Butyronitril, Isovaleronitril, Valeronitril) und neben Acrolein noch 3 weitere Gasphasenkomponente des Nebenstromrauches (2-Methyl-Furan, 2,5-Dimethylfuran, Limonen) identifiziert und quantitativ ausgewertet. Ferner wurde in einer Plexiglaskammer von 272 1 Inhalt unter identischen Bedingungen 1 Zigarette abgeraucht und die mit dieser Methode erhaltenen Werte der einzelnen Gasphasenkomponenten auf die Dimensionen der Klimakammer umgerechnet.

Obwohl wir in diesen beiden Versuchsserien mit hohen Rauchkonzentrationen arbeiteten, warden einzig für Acrolein, das allerdings als sehr starkes Irritans bekannt ist, die MIKD− (0,005 ppm), die MIKK− (0,01 ppm) und die MAK-Werte (0,1 ppm) überschritten, erreichten doch die Konzentrationen 0,37 ppm in der Klimakammer bzw. 0,38 ppm in der Plexiglaskammer.

Mit substanzspezifischen Monitor-Systemen bestimmten wir überdies bei einer variablen Anzahl Zigaretten die Kohlenmonoxid-, Formaldehyd- und Stickoxid-Konzentrationen in der Klimakammer. Die MIKD− (9 ppm), MIKK−(16 ppm) and MAK-Werte (50 ppm) von Kohlenmonoxid wurden dabei mit etwa 4 bzw. 7 bzw. 20 Zigaretten überschritten. Bei Formaldehyd lagen bereits die Nulluft-Konzentrationen (Mittelwert aus 10 Messungen: 0,036 ppm) oberhalb des MIKD Wertes (0,02 ppm), und zur Erreichung der MIKK- Schwelle (0,06 ppm) mußte lediglich etwas mehr als 1 Zigarette abgeraucht warden.

Die Stickoxid-Bestimmungen zeigten, daß der Nebenstromrauch der von uns verwendeten Zigaretten nur Stickstoffoxid enthielt.

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  1. Institut für Hygiene und Arbeitsphysiologie der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule, Clausiusstr. 25, CH-8006, Zürich, Schweiz

    Carlo Jermini, Annetta Weber & Etienne Grandjean

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  1. Carlo Jermini
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  2. Annetta Weber
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  3. Etienne Grandjean
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Jermini, C., Weber, A. & Grandjean, E. Quantitative bestimmung verschiedener gasphasenkomponenten des nebenstromrauches von zigaretten in der raumluft als beitrag zum problem des passivrauchens. Int. Arch Occup Environ Heath 36, 169–181 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00378272

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00378272

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