Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Granulitic and eclogitic inclusions from basic pipes at Delegate, Australia

  • Published:
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Basic breccia-nephelinite pipes at Delegate (N.S.W., Australia) contain abundant two-pyroxene granulite, garnet granulite and fassaite eclogite inclusions and rare spinel pyroxenite, peridotite and charnockite inclusions.

Petrographic, mineralogical and chemical data on the inclusions and their co-existing phases are consistent with the hypothesis that the fassaite eclogite, garnet granulite and spinel pyroxenite inclusions all crystallized or recrystallized in about the same temperature-pressure region, within the range 7–15 kb and 700–1200° C. This means that these particular inclusions were formed within the uppermost part of the mantle and/or the lowermost part of the crust.

The two-pyroxene granulites may also have crystallized in the same region but there are some data which are indicative of crystallization at lower pressures within the crust. The charnockite inclusion is also considered to be of crustal origin.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alderman, A. R.: Eclogites from neighbourhood of Glenelg, Inverness-shire. Quart. J. Geol. Soc. London 92, 488–530 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. G. C.: Precambrian of the British Isles. In: The Precambrian, 2. ed. (K. Rankama). New York: Interscience 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angel, F., u. F. Schaider: Granat und Omphazit aus dem Eklogit des Gertrusk (Saualpe, Kärnten). Carinthia II, Naturweiss. Beitr. Kärntens 58–60, 31–36 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Banno, S.: Effect of jadeite component on the paragenesis of eclogitic rocks. Earth and Planetary Sci. Letters 2, 249–254 (1967a).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Mineralogy of two eclogites from Fichtelgebirge and their mineralogical characteristics in relation to other eclogite occurrences. Neues Jahrb. Mineral., Monatsh. 4/5, 116–124 (1967b).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, and Y. Matsui: Eclogite types and partition of Mg, Fe, and Mn between clinopyroxene and garnet. Proc. Japan Acad. 41, 716–721 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, and G. Yoshino: Eclogite-bearing peridotite mass at Higasiakaisi-Yama in the Bessi area, central Sikoku, Japan. In: Upper Mantle Symposium New Delhi 1964. Copenhagen: International Union of Geological Sciences, p. 150–160 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bearth, P.: Über Eklogite, Glaukophanschiefer und metamorphe Pillolaven. Schweiz. mineral. petrog. Mitt. 39, 267–286 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Binns, R. A.: Barroisite-bearing eclogite from Naustdal Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. J. Petrology 8, 349–371 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: The mineralogy of metamorphosed basic rocks from the Willyama complex, Broken Hill district, New South Wales. Part II. Pyroxenes, garnets, plagioclases, and opaque oxides. Mineral. Mag. 35, 561–587 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Birch, F.: Elasticity of igneous rocks at high temperature and pressure. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 54, 263–286 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloxam, T. W., and J. B. Allen: Glaucophane schist, eclogite, and associated rocks from Knockormal in the Girvan-Ballantrae complex, South Ayrshire. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 64, 1–27 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bobrieyich, A. P., M. N. Bondarenko, M. A. Gunashev, A. M. Krasov, G. I. Smirnov, and R. K. Yurkevich: The diamond deposites of Yakutia. [Russian.] Gosgeoltekhizdat. Moskow 1959. 527 p.

  • Borg, I. Y.: Glaucophane schists and eclogites near Healdsburg, California. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 67, 1563–1584 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, F. R., and J. L. England: Effect of pressure on the melting of pyrope. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Bk. 61, 109–112 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brousse, R., et E. Berger: Grands cristaux d'augite dans une brèche volcanique intrusive. Bull. soc. franç. minéral. et crist. 88, 525–526 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bultitude, R. J., and D. H. Green: Experimental study at high pressures on the origin of olivine nephelinite and olivine melilite nephelinite magmas. Earth and Planetary Sci. Letters 3, 325–337 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Briere, Y.: Les eclogites françaises. — Leur composition mineralogique et chemique; leur origine. Bull. soc. franç. minéral. 42, 72–222 (1920).

    Google Scholar 

  • Callegari, E., e C. Viterbo: I granati delle eclogiti comprese nella “formazione dei micascisti eclogitici” della zone Sesia-Lanzo. Rend. soc. mineral. ital. 22, 3–25 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chesnokov, B. V.: Rutile bearing eclogites from the Shubino village deposit in the Southern Urals. Isv. Vysshikh Zavedeny, No. 4, 124–136 (1959) (Int. Geol. Rev. 2, 936–945).

  • Clark, J. R., and J. J. Papike: Crystal-chemical characterization of omphacites. Am. Mineralogist 53, 840–868 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, R. G., D. E. Lee, L. B. Beatty, and W. W. Bannock: Eclogites and eclogites: Their differences and similarities. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 76, 483–508 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, C. F.: The Archaean rocks of the Rodil district, South Harris, Outer Hebrides. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 61, 71–112 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dull, E.: Über die Eclogites des Münchberger Gneissgebietes. Geogn. Jahreshefte München 15, 65–156 (1902).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eskola, P.: On the eclogites of Norway. Videnskapsselskapets-Skrifter. I. Mat.-naturv. Kl. 8, 1–118 (1921).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gee, D. G.: A note on the occurrence of eclogites in Spitsbergen. Nork. Polarinstitutt Arbok 1964, 240–241 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, D. H.: The origin of the “Cologites” from Salt Lake Crater, Hawaii. Earth and Planetary Sci. Letters 1, 414–420 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, J. P. Lockwood, and E. Kiss: Eclogite and almandine-jadeite-quartz rock from the Guajira Peninsula, Colombia, South America. Am. Mineralogist 53, 1320–1335 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, and A. E. Ringwood: An experimental investigation of the gabbro to eclogite transformation and its petrological applications. Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta 31, 767–833 (1967 a).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: The genesis of basaltic magmas. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 15, 103–190 (1967 b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gulson, B. L.: The evolution of dioritic rocks with special reference to the high potassium diorites of the Yeoval igneous complex, N.S.W. Australian National University. Unpub. Ph. D. thesis 1968.

  • Hahn-Weinheimer, P., and W. Luecke: Garnets from the eclogites of the Münchberger Gneiss Massif (N.E. Bavaria). Canad. Mineralogist 7, 764–795 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, P. G., A. Reay, and I. G. White: Chemical composition of the upper mantle. J. Geophys. Research 72, 6359–6369 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauy, R. J.: Traite de mineralogie, second edit., vol. 4, 613 p. Paris 1822.

  • Hays, J. F.: Stability and properties of the synthetic pyroxene CaAl2SiO6. Am. Mineralogist 51, 1524–1529 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Lime-alumina-silica. Carnegie Inst. Year Bk. 65, 234–239 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hezner, L.: Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Eklogite und Amphibolite. Tschermak's mineral. u. petrog. Mitt. 22, 437–471 (1903).

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, A.: A contribution to the petrology of kimberlite and its inclusions. Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Africa 39, 379–427 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, G. C.: Charts for correlation of optical properties with chemical composition of some common rock-forming minerals. Am. Mineralogist 32, 561–573 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozlowski, K.: On the eclogite-like rocks of stary Gieraltow (East Sudeten). Bull. acad. polon sci., Ser. sci. chim. geol. geog. 6, 723–728 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuno, H.: Aluminian augite and bronzite in alkali olivine basalt from Taka-sima, North Kyushu, Japan. In: Advancing frontiers in geology and geophysics, p. 205–220. Hyderabad: Osmania Univ. Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • - Mafic and ultramafic nodules in basaltic rocks of Hawaii. Geol. Soc. Am. Poldervaart Volume (in press, 1968).

  • Kushiro, I., and J. F. Schairer: New data on the system diopside-forsterite-silica. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Bk. 63, 95–103 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, and H. S. Yoder: Anorthite-fosterite and anorthite-enstatite reactions and their bearing on the basalt-eclogite transformation. J. Petrology 7, 337–362 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacroix, A.: Les roches basiques accompagnant les lherzolites et les ophites des Pyrenees. VIII. Congr. geol. Int. Paris 2, 806–838 (1900).

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Maitre, R. W.: The significance of the gabbroic xenoliths from Gough Island, South Atlantic. Mineral. Mag. Tilley Volume 34, 303–317 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovering, J. F.: The nature of the Mohorovicic discontinuity. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 39, 947–955 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: The eclogite-bearing basic igneous pipe at Ruby Hill near Bingara, N.S.W. J. Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.Wales 97, 73–79 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, and J. R. Richards: Potassium-argon age study of possible lower-crust and uppermantle inclusions in deep-seated intrusions. J. Geophys. Research 69, 4895–4901 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, and A. J. R. White: The significance of primary scapolite in granulitic inclusions from deep-seated pipes. J. Petrology 5, 195–218 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • McBirney, A., K. Aoki, and M. N. Bass: Eclogites and jadeite from the Motagua fault zone Guatemala. Am. Mineralogist 52, 908–918 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mercy, E. L. P., and M. J. O'Hara: Nepheline normative eclogite from Loch Duich, Rossshire, Scot. J. Geology 4, 1–9 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Milashev, V. A., M. I. Krutoyarski, M. I. Rabhkin, and Z. N. Zirlich: Kimberlitic rocks and picritic porphyries of the north-eastern part of the Siberian platform. [Russian.] Trudy Nauch-Issledovatel. Inst. Geol. Artiki 126, 1–125 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyashiro, A., and Y. Seki: Mineral assemblages and sub-facies of the glaucophane schist faoies. Japan. J. Geol. and Geography 29, 199–208 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholas, A., et C. L. Gagny: Donnees mineralogiques sur l'omphacite et la glaucophane d'une schiste a glaucophane des Alpes piemontaises. Bull. soc. franç. minéral. et crist. 87, 105–108 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nixon, P. H., O. von Knorring, and J. M. Rooke: Kimberlites from and associated inclusions of Basutoland: a mineralogical and chemical study. Am. Mineralogist 48, 1090–1132 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Hara, M. J.: Melting of garnet peridotite and eclogite at 30 kilobars. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Bk. 62, 71–77 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: A garnet-hornblende-pyroxene rock from Glenelg, Inverness-shire. Geol. Mag. 97, 145–156 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, and E. L. P. Mercy: Petrology and petrogenesis of some garnetiferous peridotites. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 45, 251–313 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, and H. S. Yoder: Formation and fractionation of basic magmas at high pressures. Scot. J. Geol. 3, 67–117 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pittman, E. F.: Supposed diamond-bearing volcanic pipe at Snodgrass, near Delegate. An. Rept. N.S.W. Dept. Mines 1909, 178–179 (1909).

    Google Scholar 

  • Plas, P. van der: Petrology of the northern Adula region Switzerland with particular reference to the glaucophane-schist eclogite bearing rocks. Leidse Geol. Mededel. 24, 416–598 (1906).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ringwood, A. E.: The chemical composition and origin of the earth. In: Advances in earth science (P. M. Hurley, ed.), p. 287–356. Boston, U.S.A.: M.I.T. Press 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rittman, A., and E. E. El-Hinnawi: The application of the zonal method for the distribution between low- and high-temperature plagioclase feldspars. Schweiz. mineral. petrog. Mitt. 41, 41–48 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahlstein, T. G.: Petrographie der Eklogiteinschlüsse in den Gneisen des südwestlichen Liverpool-Landes in Ostgrønland. Medd. Grønland 95, 1–43 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shido, F.: Notes on rock-forming minerals (9), Hornblende-bearing eclogite from Gongenyama of Higasi-Akaisi in the Bessi district, Sikoku. J. Geol. Soc. Japan 65, 701–703 (1958 a).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Plutonic and metamorphic rocks of the Nakoso and Iritōno districts in the Central Abukama Plateau. J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 11, 131–217 (1958 b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, B. J.: Physical properties of end members of the garnet group. Am. Mineralogist 41, 428–436 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobolev, N. V., and I. K. Kuznetsova: The mineralogy of diamond-bearing eclogites. [Russian.] Doklady Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 167, 1365–1368 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Recent data contributing to the mineralogy of eclogites from the kimberlitic pipes of Yakutia. [Russian.] Doklady Acad. Nauk. S.S.S.R. 163, 471–474 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, N. I. Ziuzin, and I. K. Kuznetsova: A continuous series of pyrope-grossular garnets in grosspidites. [Russian.] Doklady Acad. Nauk. S.S.S.R. 167, 902–905 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Spry, A.: The occurrence of eclogite on the Lyell Highway, Tasmania. Mineral. Mag. 33, 589–593 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilley, C. E.: Aluminous pyroxenes in metamorphosed limestones. Geol. Mag. 75, 81–86 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: The paragenesis of kyanite-eclogites. Mineral. Mag. 24, 422–432 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Velde, B.: Étude mineralogique d'une eclogite de Fay-de-Bretagne (Loire Atlantique). Bull. soc. franç. minéral. et crist. 89, 385–393 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Waard, D. de: The occurrence of garnet in the granulite facies terrane of the Adirondack highlands. J. Petrology 6, 165–191 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, P. A.: The evidence of the kimberlite pipes on the constitution of the outer part of the earth. S. African J. Sci. 25, 127–148 (1928).

    Google Scholar 

  • White, A. J. R.: Clinopyroxenes from eclogites and basic granulites. Am. Mineralogist 49, 883–888 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • White, R. W.: Ultramafic inclusions in basaltic rocks from Hawaii. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 12, 245–314 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, A. F.: The genesis of the diamond. 636 p. London: Ernest Benn 1932.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilshire, H. G., and R. A. Binns: Basic and ultrabasic xenoliths from volcanic rocks of New South Wales. J. Petrology 2, 185–208 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, T. F. von: Methodisches zur quantitativen Gesteins- und Mineral-Untersuchung mit Hilfe der Phasenanalyse. (Am Beispiel der mafischen Komponenten des Eclogits von Silberbach.) Tschermak's mineral. u. petrog. Mitt. 54, 1–122 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoder, H. S.: Almandite garnet stability range (Abstract). Am. Mineralogist 40, 342 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, and C. E. Tilley: Origin of basalt magmas: An experimental study of natural and synthetic rock systems. J. Petrology 3, 342–532 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geophysics and Geochemistry, Australian National University, Canberra

    J. F. Lovering

  2. Department of Geology, Australian National University, Canberra

    A. J. R. White

Authors
  1. J. F. Lovering
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. J. R. White
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lovering, J.F., White, A.J.R. Granulitic and eclogitic inclusions from basic pipes at Delegate, Australia. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 21, 9–52 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377416

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377416

Keywords

Search

Navigation