Abstract
Manganese silicate rocks, interbanded with manganese oxide orebodies, constitute an important stratigraphic horizon in the Mansar formation of the Sausar Group of Precambrian age in India. The manganese silicate rocks of Gowari Wadhona occupy the westernmost flank of the manganese belt of the Sausar Group. These rocks are constituted of spessartite, calcium-rich rhodonite, quartz, manganoan diopside, blanfordite (manganese bearing member of diopside-acmite series), brown manganese pyroxene (manganese bearing aegirine-augite), winchite (manganese bearing richterite-tremolite), juddite (manganese bearing amphibole with richterite, tremolite, magnesioriebeckite and glaucophane molecules), tirodite (manganese bearing amphibole with richterite, cummingtonite and glaucophane molecules), manganophyllite, alurgite, piedmontite, braunite, hollandite (and other lower oxides of manganese) with minor apatite, plagioclase, calcite, dolomite and microcline. A complete mineralogical account of the manganese-bearing phases has been given in the text. It has been shown that the juxtaposition of manganese silicate rocks with dolomitic marble, regional metamorphism to almandine-amphibolite facies and assimilation of pegmatite veins cutting across the manganese formation, were responsible for the development of these manganese silicate rocks and the unusual chemical composition of some of the constituent minerals. It has been concluded that the manganese silicate rocks of Gowari Wadhona were originally laid down as sediments comprising manganese oxides admixed with clay, silica etc. and were later regionally metamorphosed to almandine-amphibolite facies. All evidences indicate that rhodochrosite was not present in the original sediment and the bulk composition of the sediments was rich in manganese. These rocks agree entirely to the detailed nomenclature of the gondites enunciated by Fermor (1909) and amplified by Roy and Mitra (1964) and Roy (1966).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Babu, S.K., and V.K. Nayak: Richterite (manganese amphibole) from Miragpur Mine, Balaghat District, Madhya Pradesh. Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India 27A, 161–166 (1961).
Basu, N.K.: A note on the occurrence of spandite and tirodite from Nagpur District, Bombay. Sci. and Culture (Calcutta) 22, 576–578 (1957).
—: Petrology of the Sausar series rocks of Mahuli-Ramtek-Junewani area of Nagpur District. Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India 30A, 95–116 (1964).
Bilgrami, S.A.: Manganese amphiboles from Sitasaongi mine, Bhandara Dt., India. Mineral. Mag. 30, 633–647 (1955).
—: Manganese silicate minerals from Chikla, Bhandara District, India. Mineral. Mag. 31, 236–244 (1956).
Chakraborty, K.L.: Relationship of anthophyllite, cummingtonite and mangan cummingtonite in the metamorphosed Wabush Iron Formation, Labrador. Can. Mineralogist 7, 738–750 (1963).
—: Feroomagnesian silicate minerals in the metamorphosed iron formations of Wabush Lake and adjacent areas, Newfoundland and Quebec. Bull. Geol. Survey Canada 143, 1–34 (1966).
Deer, W.A., R.A. Howie, and J. Zussman: Rock forming minerals, Chain silicates 2 (1963).
Derby, O.A.: On the manganese ore deposits of the Queluz (Lafayette) district, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Am. J. Sci. 162, 18–21 (1901).
Dorr, J.V.N., I. S. Coelho, and A. Horen: The manganese ore deposits of Minas Gerais, Brazil. 20th Int. Geol. Congr., Symposium on Manganese 3, 277–346 (1956).
Dunn, J.A., and P.C. Roy: Tirodite, a manganese amphibole from Tirodi, Central Provinces. Records Geol. Survey India 73, 295–298 (1939).
Ebert, H.: The manganese bearing Lafaiete formation as a guide horizon in the Pre-Cambrian of Minas Gerais. Anals da Acad. Bras. de Ciencias 35, 545–559 (1963).
Fermor, L.L.: The manganese ore deposits of India. Mem. Geol. Survey India 37 (1909).
Fyfe, W.S., and F.J. Turner: Reappraisal of the metamorphic facies concept. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 12, 354–364 (1966).
Hewett, D.F., C.S. Chesterman, and B.W. Troxel: Tephroite in California manganese deposits. Econ. Geol. 56, 39–58 (1961).
Hietanen, A.: On the petrology of Finnish quartzites. Bull. comm. geol. Finlande 122, 188 (1938).
Holtrop, J.F.: The manganese deposits of the Guiana Shield. Econ. Geol. 60, 1185–1212 (1965).
Jaffe, H.W., W.O.J. Groeneveld Meyer, and D.H. Selchow: Manganoan Cummingtonite from Nsuta, Ghana. Am. Mineralogist 46, 642–653 (1961).
Kilpady, S. R.: An x-ray study and re-examination of blanfordite. Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India 26, 250–259 (1960).
—: Winchite from Ponia, Balaghat District, Madhya Pradesh. J. Univ. Geol. Soc. Nagpur 1, 7 (1964).
—, and A.S. Dave: Amphiboles associated with manganese bearing rocks of Madhya Pradesh. Current Sci. India 23, 180–181 (1954).
Kitson, A.E., and N.R. Junner: Manganese ore deposits of the Gold Coast, Africa. Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engrs 75, 372–396 (1927).
Klein, C.: Cummingtonite-grunerite series; a chemical, optical and x-ray studies. Am. Mineralogist 49, 963–82 (1964).
—: Mineralogy and petrology of the metamorphosed Wabush Iron Formation, Southwestern Labrador. J. Petrology 7, 246–305 (1966).
Liebau, F., W. Hilmer, u. G. Lindemann: Über die Kristallstruktur des Rhodonits (Mn, Ca) SiO3. Acta. Cryst. 12, 182 (1959).
Momoi, H.: Mineralogical study of rhodonites in Japan with special reference to contact metamorphism. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D 15, 39–63 (1964).
Nayak, V.K.: Juddite from Kajlidongri manganese mine, Jhabua Dt., Madhya Pradesh, India. Mineral. Mag. 32, 736–737 (1961).
—, and K.J. Neuvonen: Some manganese minerals from India. Compt. rend. soc. geol. Finlande 35, 27–37 (1963).
Phillips, R., and W. Layton: The calciferous and alkali amphiboles. Mineral. Mag. 32, 1097–1109 (1964).
Roy, Supriya: Syngenetic Manganese formations of India. Jadavpur University, Calcutta, India, 1–219 (1966).
Roy, Sushanta Kumar: Geology of the area around Jothvad, Panch Mahals District, Gujarat, with special reference to the manganese formations. Unpubl. Ph. D. Thesis. Jadavpur University, 1966.
Roy, Supriya, and F.N. Mitra: Mineralogy and genesis, of the gondites associated with metamorphic manganese orebodies of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra, India. Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India, 30, 395–438 (1964).
—, and P.K. Purkait: Stability relations of manganese oxide minerals in metamorphic orebodies corresponding to silimanite grade in Gowari Wadhona mine-area, Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh, India. Econ. Geol. 60, 601–613 (1965).
Sadashivaiah, M.S., and C. Naganna: Winchite from Jothvad, Panch Mahal District, Gujarat State. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 59A, 355–361 (1964).
Sathe, R.V.: A study of manganese garnets from Jothwad, Panch Mahal District, Bombay State. J. Univ. Poona, Sci. Technol. 12, 87–91 (1957).
—, V.V. Peshwa, and B.M. Karmarkar: Winchite from Goldongri manganese mine, Panch Mahal District, Gujarat. Bull. Geochem. Soc. India 1, 36–39 (1965).
Segeler, C.G.: First U.S. occurrence of manganoan cummingtonite, tirodite. Am. Mineralogist 46, 637–641 (1961).
Straczek, J. A., S. Narayanswami, K. D. Shukla, N. A. Vemban, S. C. Chakravarty, M. R. Subramanyan, and V. Venkatesh: Manganese ore deposits of Madhya Pradesh, India. 20th Int. Geol. Congr., Symposium on Manganese 4, 63–96 (1956).
Sundius, N.: Zur Kenntnis der monoklinen C-armen Amphibole (Grünerit-Cummingtonit-Reihe). Geol. Fören. i. Stockholm Förh. 46, 154–167 (1924).
—: The classification of the hornblendes and the solid solution relations in the amphibole group. Sveriges Geol. Undersökning. Årsbok 40, 1–36 (1946).
Turner, F.J., and J. Verhoogen: Igneous and metamorphic petrology. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1960.
Woodland, A.W.: The petrography and petrology of the lower Cambrian manganese ore of west Merionetshire. Quart. J. Geol. Soc. London 95, 1 (1939).
Zwaan, P.C., and L. Van der Plas: Optical and x-ray investigation of some pyroxenes and amphiboles from Nagpur, Central Provinces, India. Koninkl. Ned. Akad. Westenschap Proc., Ser. B, 61, 265–277 (1958).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Roy, S., Purkait, P.K. Mineralogy and genesis of the metamorphosed manganese silicate rocks (gondite) of Gowari Wadhona, Madhya Pradesh, India. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 20, 86–114 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371068
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371068