Abstract
Angular wrist displacements in the monkey result in a short-latency (20–25 ms) “reflex” response of motor cortical cells in area 4 and separate peaks of activity in the gross EMG of the stretched muscles. Frequency domain analysis was carried out between (1) wrist position as input and motor cortical neuron response as output, (2) position as input and EMG response as output, and (3) motor cortical neuron response as input and EMG response as output. The results show that the dynamics of primary spindle afferents characterize the dynamics of the pathway to the motor cortex and that of the reflex loop. Results are discussed in terms of “long-loop” reflexes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asanuma, H.: Recent developments in the study of the columnar arrangement of neurons within the motor cortex. Physiol. Rev. 55, 143–156 (1975)
Bawa, P., Tatton, W.G.: Servo-like responses of motoneurons mediating the functional stretch reflex in the wrist flexors and extensors of monkey and man. J. Physiol. 273, 68–69 (1977)
Crago, P.E., Houk, J.C., Hasan, Z.: Regulatory actions of human stretch reflex. J. Neurophysiol 39, 925–935 (1976)
Evarts, E.V., Tanji, J.: Reflex and intended responses in motor cortex pyramidal tract neurons of monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 39, 1069–1080 (1976)
Fetz, E.D., Cheney, P.H., German, D.C.: Corticomotoneuronal connections of precentral cells detected by post-spike averages of EMG activity in behaving monkeys. Brain Res. 114, 505–510 (1976)
Gottlieb, G.L., Agarwal, G.C.: Filtering of electromyographic signals. Am. J. Phys. Med. 49, 142–146 (1970)
Heath, C.J., Hore, J., Phillips, C.G.: Inputs from low threshold muscle and cutaneous afferents of hand and forearm to area 3a and 3b of baboon's cerebral cortex. J. Physiol. (London) 257, 199–227 (1976)
Kwan, H.C., MacKay, W.A., Murphy, J.T., Wong, Y.C.: Spatial organization of precentral cortex in awake primates. II. Motor outputs. J. Neurophysiol. 41, 1120–1131 (1978)
Maffei, L., Rizzolatti, G.: Transfer properties of the lateral geniculate body. J. Neurophysiol. 30, 33–340 (1967)
Miller, A.D., Brooks, V.B.: Effects of lesions in different areas of sensorimotor cortex on M2 and M3 stretch responses in monkeys. Neurosci. Abstr. 4, 301 (1978)
Phillips, C.G., Powell, T.P.S., Wiesendanger, M.: Projection from low threshold muscle afferents of hand and forearm to area 3a of baboon's cortex. J. Physiol. (London) 217, 419–446 (1971)
Poppele, R.E., Bowman, R.J.: Quantitative description of linear behaviour of mammalian muscle spindles. J. Neurophysiol. 33, 59–72 (1970)
Poppele, R.E., Terzuolo, C.A.: Myotatic reflex: Its input-output relation. Science 159, 743–745 (1968)
Stein, R.B.: The role of spike trains in transmitting and distorting sensory signals. In: The neurosciences: Second Study Program, Schmidt, F.O. (ed.) Rockefeller Univ. Press 1970
Stein, R.B., Bawa, P.: Reflex responses of human soleus muscle to small perturbations. J. Neurophysiol. 39, 1105–1116 (1976)
Tatton, W.G., Bawa, P., Bruce, I.C., Lee, R.G.: Long-loop reflexes in monkeys: An interpretative base for human reflexes. In: Progress in clinical neurophysiology, Vol. 4. Desmedt, J.E. (ed.), pp. 229. Basel: Karger 1978
Tatton, W.G., Forner, S.D., Gerstein, G.L., Chambers, W.W., Liu, C.N.: The effect of postcentral cortical lesions on motor responses to sudden upper limb displacements in monkeys. Brain Res. 96, 108–113 (1975)
Williams, W.J., Bement, S.L., Yin, T.C.T., McCall, W.D. Jr.: Nucleus gracilis response to knee joint motion: A frequency response study. Brain Res. 64, 123–140 (1973)
Wong, Y.C., Kwan, H.C., MacKay, W.C., Murphy, J.T.: Spatial organization of precentral cortex in awake primates. I. Somatosensory inputs. J Neurophysiol. 41, 1107–1119 (1978)
Yin, T.C.T., Williams, W.J.: Dynamic response and transfer characteries of joint neurons in somatosensory thalamus of the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 39, 582–600 (1976)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bawa, P., Stein, R.B. & Tatton, W.G. Dynamics of a long-latency reflex pathway in the monkey. Biol. Cybernetics 34, 107–110 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00365474
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00365474