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Expression of calcitonin and somatostatin peptide and mRNA in medullary thyroid carcinoma

  • International Association of Endocrine Surgeons—Manuscripts Presented at the 35th World Congress of the International Society of Surgery, Hong Kong, August 1993
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Abstract

We have studied a series of 22 human medullary carcinomas (MCTs), both primary and metastatic, using immunocytochemistry (ICC) to localize calcitonin and somatostatin peptide and in situ hybridization (ISH) to localize calcitonin and somatostatin mRNA. All tumors were positive for calcitonin peptide with ICC, which often showed considerable intercellular heterogeneity, with many cells having undetectable levels of calcitonin. However, calcitonin mRNA localized by ISH was much more uniformly distributed, indicating that MCT tumor cells may retain the capacity to both synthesize and store calcitonin, whereas others lose their storage but not their synthetic capacity. Somatostatin peptide and mRNA were found in tumors from 15 patients. In contrast to the pattern seen with calcitonin, somatostatin mRNA and peptide were usually found in single scattered cells. When correlation was possible, the same cell showed positivity for somatostatin mRNA on ISH and positivity for somatostatin peptide on ICC. However, in one tumor many more cells were positive for mRNA than for peptide, suggesting that only a proportion of cells retained the ability to store the peptide. The variation in cellular content of immunoreactive calcitonin is interpreted as resulting from either an increased tumor growth rate r reduced ability to store peptide in a less differentiated tumor. With somatostatin there was good correlation between mRNA and peptide content, but it occurred in single widely scattered cells, most tumor cells being negative for both peptide and mRNA It is suggested that somatostatin production might be associated with a reduction in the growth of the cell concerned, either through a differentiation step or through a direct effect of the hormone. We also conclude that studies of the localization of hormone production in endocrine tumors benefit from the combined application of ISH for mRNA and ICC for peptide.

Résumé

Nous avons étudié une série de 22 cancers médullaires (CM), primitifs et secondaires, par l'immunohistochimie (IHC) et par l'hybridation in situ (HIS) afin de localiser respectivement d'une part les peptides calcitonine et la somatostatine et d'autre part les mRNA de la calcitonine et la somatostatine. Toutes les tumeurs étaient positives pour le peptide calcitonine par HIS mais présentaient par ailleurs une hétérogénéité intercellulaire beaucoup de cellules n'ayant pas de calcitonine détectable. Le mRNA de la calcitonine, détecté par HIS, était uniformément distribué indiquant que certaines cellules tumorales CM peuvent à la fois assurer la synthèse et stocker la calcitonine alors que d'autres perdent leur pouvoir de stockage mais pas leurs propriétés de synthèse. Les peptides de la somatostatine et la calcitonine ont été retrouvés dans les tumeurs provenant de 15 patients. Au contraire de ce que l'on observe avec la calcitonine, le mARN de la somatostatine et le peptide étaient généralement repartis dans des cellules dispersées. Lorsque la corrélation a été recherchée, la même cellule pouvait être positive pour la somatostatine par l'IHC et par HIS. Dans une même tumeur, cependant, il y avait beaucoup plus de cellules positives pour le mARN que pour les peptides, suggérant que seule une petite proportion de cellules avait gardé leur capacité de stocker le peptide. La variation du contenu cellulaire de calcitonine immunoréactive est interprétée comme étant le résultat soit d'une augmentation de la croissance cellulaire, soit d'une diminution du stockage du peptide par la tumeur. La corrélation entre le mARNde la somatostatine et le peptide était bonne, mais cette corrélation était notée surtout dans les cellules dispersées, la majorité des cellules tumorales étant négatives et pour le mARN et pour le peptide. On suggère que la production de somatostatine peut être associée à une réduction de la croissance cellulaire soit par un étape intermédiaire soit directement par l'effet de l'hormone. Nous concluons aussi que les études par HIS pour les substances mARN et l'IHC pour les peptides sont utiles pour la localisation de la production hormonale des tumeurs endocrines.

Resumen

Hemos estudiado una serie de 22 carcinomas medulares tiroideos humanos (CMT), tanto primarios como metastásicos, utilizando immunocitoquímica (ICQ) para localizar calcitonina, y péptido somatostátinico e hibridación in situ (HIS) para localizar calcitonina y somatostatina mRNA. Todos los tumores fueron positivos para péptido calcitotínico con ICC, que con frecuencia mostró considerable heterogenecidad celular, con muchas células con niveles no detectables de calcitonina. Sin embargo, la calcitonina mRNA localizada por HIS apareció más uniformemente distribuída, indicando que las células del CMT pueden retener la capacidad tanto de sintetizar como la de almacenar calcitonina, mientras otras pierden su capacidad de almacenar mas no de sintetizar. El péptido somatostátinico y la somatostatina mRNA fueron hallados en los tumores de 15 pacientes. en contraste con el patrón observado con la calcitonina, la somatostatina mRNA y el péptido usualmente fueron hallados en células únicas dispersas. Cuando fue posible la correlación, la misma célula mostró positividad para la somatostatina mRNA en HIS y positividad para el péptido en ICQ. Sin embargo, en un tumor muchas más células fueron positivas para mRNA que para el péptido, lo cual sugiere que sólo una proporción de las células retiene la habilidad de almacenar el péptido. La variación en el contenido de calcitonina inmunoreactiva es interpretada como el resultado o bien de una incrementada rata de crecimiento rumoral, o como una reducida capacidad para almacenar el péptido en un tumor menos diferenciado. Con la somatostatina se encontró una muy buena correlación entre el contenido de mRNA y de péptido, pero esto ocurrió sólamente en células ampliamente dispersas, con la gran mayoría de las células tumorales permaneciendo negativas tanto para péptido como para mRNA.

Se sugiere que la producción de somatostatina puede estar asociada con una reducción en el crecimiento de la célula concerniente, bien a través de una fase de diferenciación o bien como efecto directo de la hormona. También es nuestra conclusión que los estudios de localización de la producción hormonal en los tumores endocrinos se benefician de la aplicación combinada de HIS para mRNA y de ICQ para péptido.

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Neonakis, E., Thomas, G.A., Davies, H.G. et al. Expression of calcitonin and somatostatin peptide and mRNA in medullary thyroid carcinoma. World J. Surg. 18, 588–593 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00353772

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