Abstract
Mapping the long arm of Chromosome (Chr) 4 has assumed medical relevance with the establishment of linkage of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) to distal 4q markers. We have constructed a multipoint linkage map using DNA markers that map to the long arm of Chr 4. Segregation data were collected for 17 DNA markers on the multigenerational CEPH mapping families, and data for one marker were taken from the published CEPH database. Genotypic information for six of these markers was also collected from a set of 24 families that exhibited inheritance of FSHD. Multipoint analyses allowed us to construct a map of 12 loci, connecting two previously separate linkage groups. Significant sexspecific differences in recombination were found for some genetic intervals. Four loci from the distal region of this map showed linkage with FSHD. A map using these terminal markers gave the strongest support for FSHD in the most distal position over all other possible positions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altherr, M.R., Wasmuth, J.J., Nakamura, Y., and White, R.: A highly polymorphic VNTR locus on the long arm of chromosome 4. Nucleic Acids Res 19: 1168, 1991.
Botstein, D., White, R., Skolnick, M., and Davis, R.W.: Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet 32: 314–331, 1980.
Bowden, D.W., Gravius, T.C., Green, P., Falls, K., Wurster-Hill, D., Noll, W., Muller-Kahle, H., et al.: A genetic linkage map of 32 loci on human chromosome 10. Genomics 5: 718–726, 1989a.
Bowden, D.W., Muller-Kahle, H., Gravius, T., Helms, C., Watt-Morgan, D., Green, P., and Donis-Keller, H.: Identification and characterization of 23 RFLP loci by screening random cosmid genomic clones. Am J Hum Genet 44: 671–678, 1989b.
Buetow, K.H., Nishimura, D., Nakamura, Y., Jiang, O., and Murray, J.: A detailed multipoint gene map of chromosome 1q. Genomics 8: 13–21, 1990.
Buetow, K.H., Shiang, R., Yang, P., Nakamura, Y., Lathrop, G.M., White, R., Wasmuth, J., Gusella, J., Wood, S., Berdahl, L., Leysens, N., Ritty, T., Wise, M., and Murray, J.: A detailed multipoint map of human chromosome 4 provides evidence for linkage heterogeneity and position specific recombination rates. Am J Hum Genet 48: 911–925, 1991.
Butler, M.G. and Parsons, A.D.: RFLP for intron E of factor XI gene. Nucleic Acids Res 18: 5327, 1990.
Donis-Keller, H., Green, P., Helms, C., Cartinhour, S., Weiffenbach, B., Stephens, K., Keith, T.P., Bowden, D.W., Smith, D.R., Lander, E.S., Botstein, D., Akots, G., Rediker, K.S., Gravius, T., Powers, J.A., Watt, D.E., Kauffman, E.R., Bricker, A., Phipps, P., Muller-Kahle, H., Fulton, T.R., Ng, S., Schumm, J.W., Braman, J.C., Knowlton, R.G., Barker, D.F., Crooks, S.M., Lincoln, S.E., Daly, M.J., and Abrahamson, J.: A genetic linkage map of the human genome. Cell 51: 319–337, 1987.
Donis-Keller, H., Helms, C., Green, P., Riethman, H., Ramachandra, S., Falls, K., Bowden, D.W., Weiffenbach, B., Keith, T.P., Stephens, K., Cannizzaro, L.A., Shows, T.B., Stewart, G.D., and Van Keuren, M.: A human genome linkage map with more than 500 RFLP loci and average marker spacing of 6 centimorgans. Cytogenet Cell Genet 51: 991–992, 1989.
Gusella, J.F., Wexler, N.S., Conneally, P.M., Naylor, S., Anderson, M.A., Tanzi, R.E., Watkins, P., Ottina, K., Wallace, M., Sakaguchi, A.Y., Young, A.B., Shoulson, I., Bonilla, E., and Martin, J.B.: A polymorphic DNA marker genetically linked to Huntington's disease. Nature 306: 234–238, 1983.
Jacobsen, S.J., Diala, E.S., Dorsey, B., Rising, M., Graveline, R., Falls, K., Schultz, P., Hogan, C., Rediker, K., D'Amico, C., and Weiffenbach, B.: A clinically homogeneous group of families with facioscapulohumeral (Landouzy-Dejerine) muscular dystrophy: linkage analysis of six autosomes. Am J Hum Genet 47: 376–388, 1990.
Julier, C., Nakamura, Y., Lathrop, M., O'Connell, P., Leppert, M., Litt, M., Mohandas, T., et al.: A detailed genetic map of the long arm of chromosome 11. Genomics 7: 335–345, 1990.
Kato, A., Asakai, R., Davie, E.W., Aoki, N.: Factor XI gene (F11) is located on the distal end of the long arm of human chromosome 4. Cytogenet Cell Genet 52: 77–78, 1989.
Keats, B.J., Sherman, S.L., Morton, N.E., Robson, E.B., Buetow, K.H., Cartwright, P.E., Chakravarti, A., Francke, U., Green, P., and Ott, J.: Guidelines for human linkage maps: an international system for human linkage maps (ISLM, 1990). Genomics 9: 557–560, 1991.
Keith, T.P., Green, P., Reeders, S.T., Brown, V.A., Phipps, P., Bricker, A., Falls, K., et al.: Genetic linkage map of 46 DNA markers on human chromosome 16. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 5754–5758, 1990.
Mills, K.A., Buetow, K.H., Xu, Y., Ritty, T.M., Matthews, K.D., Bodrug, S.E., Wijmenga, C., Balazs, I., and Murray, J.C. Genetic and physical mapping on chromosome 4 narrows the localization of the gene for FMD. Am J Hum Genet, in press, 1992.
Milner, E.C.B., Lotshaw, C.L., van Dijk, K.W., Charmley, P., Concannon, P., and Schroeder, H.W.: Isolation and mapping of a polymorphic DNA sequence pH30 on chromosome 4 [HGM provisional no. D4S139]. Nucleic Acids Res 17: 4002, 1989.
Nakamura, Y., Lathrop, M., O'Connell, P., Leppert, M., Kamboh, M.I., Lalouel, J.-M., and White, R.: Frequent recombination is observed in the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 14. Genomics 4: 76–81, 1989.
Neuweiler, J., Ruvolo, V., Baum, H., Grzeschik, K.-H., and Balazs, I.: Isolation and characterization of a hypervariable region [D4S163] on chromosome 4. Nucleic Acids Res 18: 691, 1990.
Ott, J.: Analysis of Human Genetic Linkage, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md., 1985.
Shiang, R., Murray, J.C., Divelbiss, J.E., Patil, S., Overhauser, J., Wasmuth, J.J., and Buetow, K.H.: A physical map for the long arm of chromosome 4 using D4S35, D4S1, MT2P1, ALB, AFP, GC, INP10, ADH3, EFG, IL2, FGG, FGB, and MNS, IF, FGFB. Cytogenet Cell Genet 46: 691, 1987.
Upadhyaya, M., Lunt, P.W., Sarfarazi, M., Broadhead, W., Daniels, J., Owen, M., and Harper, P.S.: DNA marker applicable to presymptomatic and prenatal diagnosis of facioscapulohumeral disease. Lancet 336: 1320–1321, 1990.
Weber, J.L. and May, P.: Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the D4S171 locus. Nucleic Acids Res 18: 2202, 1990.
Weiffenbach, B., Bagley, R., and Dubois, J.: Highly polymorphic RFLP marker D4S130 (CRI-L518) maps to distal rq. Nucleic Acids Res 19: 5802, 1991a.
Weiffenbach, B., Falls, K., Bricker, A., Hall, L., McMahon, J., Wasmuth, J., Funanage, V., and Donis-Keller, H.: A genetic linkage map of human chromosome 5 with 60 RFLP loci. Genomics 10: 173–185, 1991b.
Weiffenbach, B., Bagley, R.G., Falls, K., Hyser, C., Storvick, D., Schultz, P., Mendell, J., Willems van Dijk, K., Milner, E.C.B., and Griggs, R. Linkage analyses of five chromosome 4 markers positions the facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FMD) gene to distal 4q35. Am J Hum Genet, in press, 1992.
Wijmenga, C., Frants, R.R., Brower, O.F., Moerer, P., Weber, J.L., and Padberg, G.W.: Location of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy gene on chromosome 4. Lancet 336: 651–653, 1990.
Wijmenga, C., Padberg, G.W., Moerer, P., Wiegant, J., Liem, L., Brouwer, O.F., Milner, E.C.B., Weber, J., van Ommen, G., Sandkuyl, L.A., and Frants, R.R.: Mapping of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy gene to chromosome 4q35-qter by multipoint linkage analysis and in situ hybridization. Genomics 9: 570–575, 1991.
Wright, E.C., Goldgar, D.E., Fain, P.R., Barker, D.F., and Skolnick, M.H.: A genetic map of human chromosome 17p. Genomics 7: 103–109, 1990.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Offprint requests to: B. Weiffenbach
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Weiffenbach, B., Bagley, R.G., Falls, K. et al. Framework multipoint map of the long arm of human Chromosome 4 and telomeric localization of the gene for FSHD. Mammalian Genome 3, 143–150 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00352458
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00352458