Abstract
The carbohydrate and oxidative metabolism of the lateral musculature and of the liver was investigated in two Black Sea fishes. In Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus, muscular work leads to an intensification of glycolysis in the white muscle, and of oxidation in the red muscle as well as in the liver. Extirpation of the lateral red muscle provokes strong disturbances of muscle performance (without affecting the double character of contraction); the glycogen content of the white muscle decreases, while the lactate content of the liver increases. Hypoxic conditions lead, within a short time, to disturbances of the oxidative capacity in the red muscle and in the liver. In Gobius melanostomus, the effects of hypoxy or of muscular work are less pronounced. In isolated mixed muscle strips of Trachurus, contractions lead to a decrease of glycogen content in the red portion only. In isolated red muscle strips, the glycogen content rises during the incubation. These results are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis of a metabolic role of the lateral red muscle in fishes as energy source for the white muscle and as oxidative site for the catabolites of the latter.
Résumé
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1.
Une asphyxie partielle de quelques minutes provoque, chez le Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus, un grand excès de lactate dans le muscle blanc et une baisse de la capacité d'oxydation du muscle rouge et du foie. Chez le Gobius melanostomus, elle provoque une grande baisse du glycogène hépatique.
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2.
Un effort non-épuísant, provoqué par l'excitation électrique directe de la musculature latérale de Trachurus, engendro une intensification de la glycolyse dans le muscle blane et des processus oxydatifs dans le muscle rouge et dans le foie.
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3.
L'ablation du muscle latéral rouge de Trachurus a comme conséquences un déréglage des mouvements de nage, une diminution consídérable de la capacité d'effort (sans que la partie lente de la contraction soit perdue), une baisse du glycogène du muscle blanc et une hausse du lactate hépatique.
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4.
Les données présentées soutiennent l'hypothèse du rôle métabolique du muscle latéral rouge des poissons, source de matériel énergétique de la masse musculaire blanche et lieu d'oxydation de ses catabolites glycolytiques.
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5.
On constate des différences dans le métabolisme d'effort entre Trachurus, Gobius et Cyprinus. Elles tiennent probablement du degré différent de développement du muscle rouge et du foie, des différences dans les réserves de glycogène et de graisses, de la résistance à l'hypoxie, ainsi que de l'écologie de ces espèces.
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Communicated by E. A. Pora, Cluj
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Wittenberger, C. Biologie du chinchard de la Mer Noire (Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus). Marine Biol. 2, 1–4 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00351630
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00351630