Abstract
Laser technology enables melting and alloying specimen surfaces without the substrate itself being heated, whereby surfaces with special attributes are obtained with the properties of the substrate remaining unaffected. The surfaces of Armco iron and AISI 1045 steel were laser-alloyed with TiC powder, a CO2 laser of 2.5 kW maximum power being used. Optimal laser and powder-feed parameters were established. Particles of TiC were injected into the molten surface layer, forming a composite material, steel + TiC. The microstructures were investigated metallographically. Some of the particles had partially melted during their passage through the laser beam and had re-solidified, forming small and fine dendrites. Phase identification by X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of α-Fe, martensite, and Fe3C phases, as well as amounts of stochiometric TiC and unknown phases. Identification of phases by TEM and diffraction of electrons revealed the presence of unknown phases, such as tetragonal TiC and (FeTi)C. Mössbauer results show ternary Fe-Ti-C phases, which can be related to the TEM and X-ray diffraction results. A correlation was found between the substrate's composition, microstructures, and the different phases present.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
L. Blaes, H.-G. Wagner, U. Gonser, J. Welsch and J. Sutor, Hyperf. Interact. 29 (1986) 1571.
P. Schaaf, L. Blaes, J. Welsch, H. Jacoby, F. Aubertin and U. Gonser, ibid. 58 (1990) 2541.
P. Schaaf, V. Biehl, M. Bamberger, Ph. Bauer and U. Gonser, J. Mater. Sci. 26 (1991) 5019.
P. Schaaf, V. Biehl, M. Bamberger, G. Shafirstien, M. Langohr, F. Maisenhaelder and U. Gonser, in “Proceedings of the 5th Israel Materials Engineering Conference”, edited by M. Bamberger and M. Schorr (Freund Publishing House, London, 1991) pp. 451.
W. Kuendig, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 75 (1969) 336.
Ph. Bauer, O. N. C. Uwakweh and J. M. R. Genin, Hyperf. Interact. 41 (1988) 555.
P. Schaaf, Ph. Bauer and U. Gonser, Z. Metallkde 80 (1989) 77.
U. Gonser, P. Schaaf and F. Aubertin, Hyperf. Interact. 66 (1991) 95.
P. Schaaf, S. Wiesen and U. Gonser, Acta Metall. 40 (1992) 373.
F. S. Richardson, “Physical Chemistry of Melts in Metallurgy” (Academic Press, London, 1974).
H. Othani, T. Tanaka, M. Hasebe and T. Nishizawa, CALPHAD 12 (1988) 225.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ariely, S., Bamberger, M., Hügel, H. et al. Phase investigation in laser surface alloyed steels with TiC. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 30, 1849–1853 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00351621
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00351621