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Advances in the immunodiagnosis of parasitic infections

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Summary

In summary, with the availability of commercial reagents, the growth of parasitic serology is rapidly accelerating. I believe the diagnostic work being performed today represents an investigation of the “tip of the iceberg.” Unless some policy of evaluation and certification is initiated, we risk the appearance of poor reagents in the diagnostic laboratory and the publication of critical articles suggesting that our tests are nonspecific and useless.

Technical developments have brought us to the full or partial automation of serologic tests. Research on the purification and isolation of parasitic antigens has not kept pace with the development and evaluation of serologic methodology. Evaluation of sophisticated methods, such as radioimmunoassay, for the diagnosis of parasitic infections is only beginning to appear in the literature. Greater emphasis must be placed on the use of such sensitive methods in the diagnostic laboratory.

With the exception of the Asian workers, who have reported the recovery of antigen in the urine of patients with parasitic diseases, and recent reports of antigen in the serum of patients with schistosomiasis in the United States, the entire focus of parasitic serology has been on the detection of antibodies. Since parasitic antigens have been shown to circulate in the serum and body fluids of individuals with a number of parasitic infections, both specific and sensitive methods must be evaluated for their detection.

In the serology of parasitic infections, the diagnosis of protozoan infections is most highly developed. For the helminth infections we require enhanced sensitivity and specificity, especially in areas where more than one species infects man. The serology of nematode infections requires the most work. Toward this end, we have to encourage further work on the separation and purification of parasitic antigens for use in the diagnostic laboratory.

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    Irving G. Kagan

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Kagan, I.G. Advances in the immunodiagnosis of parasitic infections. Z. Parasitenk 45, 163–195 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00348533

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