Skip to main content
Log in

Ion scattering spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy: A powerful combination for surface structure analysis

  • Surface Physics 1991
  • Published:
Applied Physics A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Low-energy ion backscattering and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) have been used in combination to get better insight into the field of surface crystallography. The synergic effectiveness resulting from the complementing character of the two methods has been exemplified at clean NiAl(111) and for oxygen and nitrogen adsorption on Cu(110). The position of the atom cores is accessible by the low-energy noble gas impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy with neutral detection (NICISS). As a technique averaging over a macroscopic area of the sample, NICISS is better suited to supply information on features of completely developed phases, either on clean or adsorbate saturated surfaces. Additional information, on the other hand, can be gained by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), which as a powerful local probe may be used to image surfaces with atomic resolution and to monitor defects, steps and the growth kinetics of e.g. adsorption-induced phase changes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. G. Binnig, H. Rohrer, Ch. Gerber, E. Weibel: Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 57 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Proc. Second Int. Conf. on STM, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6 (1988), see also, Proc. Third Int. Conf. on STM, J. Microscopy 152 (1988) and also Proc. Fourth Int. Conf. on STM, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 8 (1990)

  3. R.J. Behm, N. Garcia, H. Rohrer (eds.): Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Related Methods NATO ASI SERIES E: Applied Science Vol. 184 (Kluwer, Dordrecht 1990)

    Google Scholar 

  4. For recent review articles see E. Taglauer: In Methods of Surface Characterization, Vol. 2. ed. by A.W. Czanderna, D.M. Hercules (Plenum, New York 1991)

    Google Scholar 

  5. H. Niehus: In Practical Surface Analysis by Ion and Neutral Spectroscopy, Vol. 2 (Wiley, Chichester 1991)

    Google Scholar 

  6. W. Heiland: In Proceedings of ‘Interaction of Low-Energy Ions, Atoms and Molecules with Surfaces’, Workshop, Alicante 1990, NATO ASI SERIES E, Applied Science (Kluwer, Dordrecht) in press

  7. H. Niehus: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 5, 751 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  8. H. Niehus, R. Spitzl: Surf. Interface Anal. 17, 287 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  9. D.P. Smith: Surf. Sci. 25, 171 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  10. S.H. Begeman, A.L. Boers: Surf. Sci. 30, 134 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  11. H.H. Brongersma, P.M. Mul: Surf. Sci. 35, 393 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  12. E.P.Th.M. Suurmeijer, A.L. Boers: Surf. Sci. 43, 309 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  13. H. Niehus, E. Bauer: Surf. Sci. 47, 222 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  14. T.M. Buck: In Methods of Surface Analysis ed. by S.P. Wolsky, A.W. Czaderna (McGraw-Hill, New York 1975)

    Google Scholar 

  15. E. Taglauer, W. Heiland: Appl. Phys. 9, 261 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  16. W.L. Baun: Appl. Surf. Sci. 1, 81 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  17. R.C. McCune: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 18, 700 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  18. W. Heiland: Appl. Phys. Sci. 13, 282 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  19. M. Aono: Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 2, 374 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  20. W. Heiland, E. Taglauer: In Experimental Methods in Physics, ed. by R.L. Park, M. Lagally (Academic, New York 1985)

    Google Scholar 

  21. E. Taglauer: Appl. Phys. A 38, 161 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  22. G. Carter, J.S. Colligon: The Ion Bombardment of Solids (Heinemann, London 1968)

    Google Scholar 

  23. M. Aono, Y. Hou, C. Oshima, Y. Ishizawa: Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 567 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  24. H. Niehus: Surf. Sci. 166, L 107 (1986)

  25. M. Aono, C. Oshima, S. Zaima, S. Otani, Y. Ishizawa: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 20, L 829 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  26. H. Niehus: Nucl. Instrum. Methods 218, 230 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  27. E. Bauer, T. von dem Hagen: In Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces VI, ed. by R. Vanselow, R. Howe, Springer Ser. Surf. Sci. Vol. 5 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1986)

    Google Scholar 

  28. L.C. Feldman, J.W. Mayer: Fundamentals of Surface and Thin Film Analysis (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1986)

    Google Scholar 

  29. A.G.J. de Wit, R.P.N. Bronckers, J.M. Fluit: Surf. Sci. 82, 177 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  30. R.P.N. Bronckers, A.G.J. de Wit: Surf. Sci. 104, 384 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  31. O.S. Oen: Surf. Sci. 131, L 407 (1983)

  32. J.P. Biersack, L.G. Haggmark: Nucl. Instrum. Methods 174, 257 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  33. J.F. Ziegler, J.B. Biersack, U. Littmark: The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids, Vol. 1 (Pergamon, New York 1985)

    Google Scholar 

  34. J. Lindhard: Mat. Fys. Medd. Kong. Dansk Videnskap. Selskap 34, No. 14 (1965)

  35. H. Niehus, G. Comsa: Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 13, 213 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  36. R. Spitzl, H. Niehus, G. Comsa: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61, 760 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  37. H. Niehus, E. Preuss: Surf. Sci. 119, 349 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  38. H. Niehus, G. Comsa: Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 15, 122 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  39. H. Niehus: Surf. Sci. 145, 407 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  40. H. Derks, W. Hetterich, E. van der Riet, H. Niehus, W. Heiland: Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 48, 315 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  41. H. Niehus, G. Comsa: Surf. Sci. 140, 18 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  42. K.H. Besocke: Surf. Sci. 181, 145 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  43. H. Niehus, W. Raunau, K. Besocke, R. Spitzl, G. Comsa: Surf. Sci. 225, L 8 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  44. G. Ertl: Surf. Sci. 6, 208 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  45. D.J. Coulman, J. Wintterlin, R.J. Behm, G. Ertl: Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1761 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  46. F. Jensen, F. Besenbacher, E. Laensgaard, I. Stensgaard: Phys. Rev. B 41, 10233 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  47. E van den Riet, J.B.J. Sneets, J.M. Fluit, A. Niehus: Surf. Sci. 214, 211 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  48. K. Kern, H. Niehus, A. Schatz, P. Zeppenfeld, J. Goerge, G. Comsa: Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 855 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  49. D. Heskett, A. Baddorf, E.W. Plummer: Surf. Sci. 94, 195 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  50. A.W. Robinson, D.P. Woodruff, J.S. Somers, A.L.D. Kilcoyne, D.E. Ricken, A.M. Bradshaw: Surf. Sci. 237, 99 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  51. M.J. Ashwin, D.P. Woodruff: Surf. Sci. 237, 108 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  52. A.P. Badorf, D.M. Zehner: Surf. Sci. 238, 255 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  53. H. Niehus, R. Spitzl, K. Besocke, G. Comsa: Phys. Rev. B 43 (1991) in press

  54. R. Spitzl, H. Niehus, G. Comsa: Surf. Sci. 250, L 355 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  55. H.L. Davis, J.R. Nonan: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 3, 1507 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  56. S.M. Yalisove, W.R. Graham: Surf. Sci. 183, 556 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  57. D.R. Mullins, S.H. Overbury: Surf. Sci. 193, 141 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  58. H. Niehus: Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 33, 876 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  59. J.R. Noonan, H.L. Davis: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6, 722 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Niehus, H. Ion scattering spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy: A powerful combination for surface structure analysis. Appl. Phys. A 53, 388–402 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00348151

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00348151

PACS

Navigation