Abstract
Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as well as polycrystalline graphite (pc-graphite) were bombarded with 3.5 keV H+ ions by means of a Penning ion source. The implanted graphite was characterized by in situ electron spectroscopy techniques such as UPS, XPS and EELS. Our UPS valence band measurements of the hydrogen saturated graphite reveal it to be an insulating phase, and XPS measurements show a shift of the C1s core level to higher binding energy with respect to pristine graphite. This behavior is explained by a Fermi energy shift upon hydrogen bombardment of graphite.
In addition, a close resemblance in the electronic structure of hydrogen bombarded graphite and amorphous hydrogenated carbon films (a-C:H) is shown which suggests the modification of pristine graphite to an amorphous network [1] of mostly tetrahedrally bonded carbon atoms by hydrogen implantation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
K. Niwase, T. Tanabe, M. Sugimoto, F.E. Fujita: J. Nucl. Mater. 162–164, 856 (1989)
F. Waelbroeck: Vacuum 39, 821 (1989)
E. Vietzke, V. Philipps: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 23, 449 (1987)
W. Möller, B.M.U. Scherzer: Appl. Phys. Lett 50 (26), 1870 (1987)
W. Möller, B.M.U. Scherzer: Appl. Phys. 64, 4860 (1988)
W.R. Wampler, C.W. Magee: J. Nucl. Mater. 103/104, 509 (1981)
B.L. Doyle, W.R. Wampler, D.K. Brice: J. Nucl. Mater. 103/104, 513 (1981)
N. Itoh, Y. Horino: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 28, 264 (1987)
K. Ashida, K. Ichimura, K. Watanabe: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A1(3), 1465 (1983)
Y. Gotoh, O. Okada: J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 21, 205 (1984)
P. Oelhafen, D. Ugolini: In Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon Films, ed. by P. Koidl, P. Oelhafen (Les Editions de Physique, Les Ulis 1987) p. 267
D. Ugolini, J. Eitle, P. Oelhafen: Vacuum 41, 1374 (1990)
D. Ugolini, P. Oelhafen, M. Wittmer: In Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon Films, ed. by P. Koidl, P. Oelhafen (Les Editions de Physique, Les Ulis 1987) p. 297
G.S. Painter, D.E. Ellis: Phys. Rev. B 1, 4747 (1970)
R.F. Willis, B. Feuerbacher, B. Fitton: Phys. Rev. B 4, 2441 (1974)
T. Takahashi, H. Tokailin, T. Sagawa: Phys. Rev. B 32, 8317 (1985)
F.R. McFeely, S.P. Kowalczyk, L. Ley, R. Cavell, R.A. Pollak, D.A. Shirley: Phys. Rev. B 9, 5268 (1974)
R.F. Willis, B. Feuerbacher, B. Fitton: Phys. Lett. 34A, 231 (1971)
R. Schlögel: Surf. Sci. 189/190, 861 (1987)
R.B. Wright, R. Varma, D.M. Gruen; J. Nucl. Mater. 63, 415 (1976)
W.R. Wampler: Appl. Phys. Lett 41, 335 (1982)
D. Ugolini: To be published
J. Fink, T. Müller-Heinzerling, J. Pflüger, B. Scheerer, B. Dischler, P. Koidl, A. Bubenzer, R.E. Sah: Phys. Rev. B 30, 4713 (1984)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ugolini, D., Eitle, J. & Oelhafen, P. Electron spectroscopy measurements on hydrogen implanted graphite and comparison to amorphous hydrogenated carbon films (a-C:H). Appl. Phys. A 54, 57–60 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00348131
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00348131