Summary
Direct and interactive effects of daylength and temperature preconditioning of above- and below-ground parts of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ‘Astrid’ are examined in relation to net photosynthesis. Most previous work on thermal preconditioning has concentrated on the effects of a given thermal regime on entire plants, without attempts to separate the effects of temperature acting on shoots vs. below-ground organs (roots and rhizomes).
Vegetatively propagated cuttings were placed under 2 different photoperiods and 4 different thermal regimes for a total of 8 treatments. Subsequent to 40-day preconditioning regimes, the temperature-dependence of net photosynthesis was determined between 8 and 40 degrees C under a photon flux density of about 540 μE·m-2·s-1. The photosynthetic rate data were treated by multiple analysis of variance to examine direct and interactive factor effects.
Each of the preconditioning factors (daylength, shoot preconditioning temperature, root preconditioning temperature) individually affected the measured photosynthesis rates, and the effects were very highly significant (p<0.001). In the two-way interactive effects, both daylength X shoot environment, and shoot environment X root environment were very highly significant (p<0.001) and daylength X root environment was significant (p<0.05). Comparison of sums of squares indicated the greatest effect was due to shoot preconditioning environment, while the least important was daylength. Photosynthesis temperature at the time of gas exchange measurements did not interact with the preconditioning temperatures or with daylength, with the implication that preconditioning affected the elevation (absolute rates) of the photosynthesis curves but not the shapes of the curves.
The data are further discussed in relation to models of resource allocation and theory of natural selection for optimization.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams, M.S., Anderson, R., Kowal, R.R.: Temperature dependence of net photosynthesis in Trientalis borealis Raf. in Wisconsin. Oecologia (Berl.) 18, 199–207 (1975)
Björkman, O., Gauhl, E.: Effect of temperature and oxygen concentration on photosynthesis in Marchantia polymorpha. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book 67, 479–482 (1968)
Fayyaz, M.M.: The role of photoperiod, temperature and growth substances (Gibberellic and Abscisic acid) on cold hardiness and morphological characteristics of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ‘Astrid’ Rhizomes. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison (1977)
Mooney, H.A.: The carbon balance of plants. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 3, 315–346 (1972)
Mooney, H.A., Chu, C.: Seasonal carbon allocation in Heteromeles arbutifolia, a California evergreen shrub. Oecologia (Berl.) 14, 295–306 (1974)
Mooney, H.A., Harrison, A.T.: The influence of conditioning temperature on subsequent temperature-related photosynthetic capacity in higher plants. In: Prediction and measurement of photosynthetic productivity (C.T. de Wit, ed.), pp. 411–417. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation 1970
Mooney, H.A., Hays, R.I.: Carbohydrate storage cycles in two Californian Mediterranean-climate trees. Flora 162, 295–304 (1973)
Mooney, H.A., Parsons, D.J., Kummerow, J.: Plant development in Mediterranean climates. In: Phenology and seasonality modeling (H. Lieth, ed.), pp. 255–267. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1974
Mooney, H.A., Shropshire, F.: Population variability in temperature related photosynthetic acclimation. Oecol. Planta 2, 1–13 (1967)
Mooney, H.A., Strain, B.R., West, M.: Photosynthetic efficiency at reduced carbon dioxide tensions. Ecology 47, 490–491 (1966)
Mooney, H.A., West, M.: Photosynthetic acclimation of plants of diverse origin. Am. J. Bot. 51, 825–827 (1964)
Oechel, W.C., Strain, B.R., Odening, W.R.: Tissue water potential, photosynthesis, 14C labeled photosynthate utilization, and growth in the desert shrub Larrea divaricata Cav. Ecol. Monogr. 42, 127–141 (1972)
Orians, G.H., Solbrig, O.T.: A cost-income model of leaves and roots with special reference to arid and semiarid areas. Am. Nat. 111, 677–690 (1977)
Phillips, P.J., McWilliam, J.R.: Thermal responses of the primary carboxylating enzymes from C3 and C4 plants adapted to contrasting environments. In: Photosynthesis and photorespiration (M.D. Hatch, C.B. Osmond, R.O. Slatyer, eds.), pp. 97–104. New York: Wiley 1971
Spomer, G.G., Salisbury, F.B.: Eco-physiology of Geum turbinatum and implications concerning alpine environments. Bot. Gaz. 129, 33–49 (1968)
Strain, B.R.: Seasonal adaptations in photosynthesis and respiration in four desert shrubs growing in situ. Ecology 50, 511–513 (1969)
Strain, B.R., Chase, V.C.: Effect of past and prevailing temperatures on the carbon dioxide exchange capacities of some woody desert perennials. Ecology 47, 1043–1045 (1966)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Adams, M.S., Fayyaz, M.M. Temperature acclimation of net photosynthesis in relation to growth of a cold hardy Chrysanthemum . Oecologia 39, 239–247 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00348072
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00348072