Skip to main content

Nahrungserwerb und Konkurrenz des Blutspechts, Picoides (Dendrocopos) syriacus

Food acquisition and competition of the Syrian Woodpecker, Picoides syriacus

Oecologia volume 12, pages 193–208 (1973)Cite this article

Summary

The Syrian Woodpecker, Picoides syriacus, acquires its food by excavating, probing, gleaning and fly-catching (Fig. 1). The food-acquisition is carried out from ground level to the crown layer of trees and beyond (Fig. 2).

In an ecological sense the Syrian Woodpecker occupies an intermediate position between the Great Spotted and the Middle Spotted Woodpecker (Picoides major and medius). That is true for food-acquisition since it excavates more than medius and less than major whilst probing more than major and less than medius. The species is also intermediate in the choise of base from which foraging is done. Great Spotted Woodpeckers are found frequently on thin twigs and Middle Spotted Woodpeckers on thick stems.

Between Great Spotted and Syrian Woodpecker there exist interspecific territoriality. Both are neutral with respect to the Middle Spotted Woodpecker. In spite of strong competition for nesting holes and frequent aggression the territories of Syrian Woodpecker and Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) overlap. These findings are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

43,34 €

Price includes VAT (Finland)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Literatur

  • Bock, C.E., Hodow, H.H., Somers, P.: Relations between Lewis and Red-headed Woodpeckers in South-eastern Colorado. Wilson Bull. 83, 237–248 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodenstein, G., Kroymann, B.: Die Ergebnisse der Mazedonie--Exkursion der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern im Mai/Juni 1966. Anz. orn. Ges. Bayern 8, 134–157 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cody M.L.: Convergent characteristics in sympatric species. Condor 71, 222–239 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Conrads, K.: Die Spechte in Westfalen-Lippe. 18. Ber. Naturwiss. Verein Bielefeld, 25–115 (1967).

  • Edington, J.M., Edington, M.A.: Spatial patterns and habitat partition in the breeding birds of an upland wood. J. anim. Ecol. 41, 331–357 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Freitag, H.: Einführung in die Biogeographie von Mitteleuropa. Stuttgart: Fischer 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogstad, O.: Stratification in winter feeding of the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major and the Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides tridactylus. Orn. Scand. 2, 143–146 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, J.A.: A quantitative study of the foraging ecology of downy woodpeckers. Ecology 51, 318–323 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordans, A.v.: Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Vogelwelt Bulgariens. Mitt. kgl. naturw. Inst. Sofia 13, 49–152 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keve, I.: Einige Erfahrungen über die Beziehungen der eingedrungenen Vogelarten zu der einheimischen Vogelfauna. Vorträge II. Konf. Tschechoslow. Orn. Ges. Prag 1962, 101–108 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keve, I.: Percularities of range expansion of three European bird species. Proc. XIII. Int. Orn. Kongr. Ithaca 1962, 1124–1127 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumerloeve, H.: Zur Kenntnis der Avifauna Kleinasiens. Bonn. zool. Beitr. 12, Sonderheft (1961).

  • Kumerloeve, H.: Zur Avifauna des Van Gölü-und Hakk<ari- Gebietes (E/SE Kleinasien). Istanbul Üniv. fen Fak. Mecmuasi 34, 245–312 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumerloeve, H.: Zur Kenntnis der Avifauna Kleinasiens in der europäischen Türkei (Ergänzungen—Hinweise—Fragestellungen). Istanbul Üniv. fen Fak. Mecmuasi 35, 85–160 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leiber, A.: Vergleichende Anatomie der Spechtzunge. Zoologica 6, (51) (1907).

    Google Scholar 

  • Löhrl, H.: Der Star als Bruthöhlenkonkurrent. Vogelwelt 77, 47–50 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Makatsch, W.: Die Vogelwelt Mazedoniens. Leipzig: Akad. Verlagsgesellschaft 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, B.G.: The ecological consequences of interspecific territorial behavior in birds. Ecology 52, 414–423 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowak, E.: The range expansion of animals and its causes [Poln. mit Engl. Summ.]. Zeszyty Naukowe 3, 1–225 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pielou, E.C.: Shannon's formula as a measure of specific diversity: its use and misuse. Amer. Naturalist 100, 463–465 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Radermacher, W.: Beobachtungen an Spechten. Orn. Mitt. 6, 179–183 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiser, O.: Materialien zu einer Ornis Balcanica. II. Wien: Gerold 1894.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rüger, A.: Funktionell-anatomische Untersuchungen an Spechten. Diss. Math. Naturwiss. Fak. Univ. Kiel 1971.

  • Ruge, K.: Beobachtungen am Blutspecht Dendrocopos syriacus im Burgenland. Vogelwelt 90, 201–223 (1969a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruge, K.: Zur Biologie des Dreizehenspechtes Picoides tridactylus L. 2. Beobachtungen zur Mauser. Orn. Beob. 66, 42–54 (1969b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schüz, E.: Vögel von Teheran und von Bagdad. Vogelwelt 78, 73–82 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Selander, R.K.: Sexual dimorphism and differential niche utilization in birds. Condor 68, 113–151 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sielmann, H. Das Jahr mit den Spechten. Berlin: Ullstein 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slivka, L: Von der Biologie des Blutspechts, Dendrocopos syriacus balcanicus, und seinen Beziehungen zu den Staten, Sturnus vulgaris. Larus 9–10, 48–70 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stresemann, E. V.: Die mauser der Vögel. J. Ornith. 107, Sonderheft (1966).

  • Voous, K.H.: On the history of the distribution of the genus Dendrocopos. Limosa 20, 1–142 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Voous, K.H.: Die Vogelwelt Europas. Hamburg-Berlin: Parey 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winkler, H.: Das Schmiedeverhalten des Blutspechtes (Dendrocopos syriacus). Egretta 10/2 1–8 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Winkler, H.: Die artliche Isolation des Blutspechtes, Picoides (Dendrocopos syriacus). Egretta 14, 1–20 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Winkler, H.: Beiträge zur Ethologie des Blutspechts (Dendrocopos syriacus). Das nicht-reproduktive Verhalten. Z. Tierpsychol. 31, 300–325 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Affiliations

  1. II. Zoologisches Institut der Universität Wien, Österreich

    Hans Winkler

Authors
  1. Hans Winkler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Winkler, H. Nahrungserwerb und Konkurrenz des Blutspechts, Picoides (Dendrocopos) syriacus . Oecologia 12, 193–208 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00345517

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00345517