Abstract
Observations of male meiosis and female chromosome number indicate that eight species of Pellenes have the X1X2O male, X1X1X2X2 female sex chromosome system typical of salticids, four species have an X′1X′2X′3Y male, X′1X′1X′2X′3X′3X′3 female system, and one species has both X1X2O and X′1X′2X′3Y males. This is the first report of a Y chromosome in spiders. It is hypothesized that the X′1X′2X′2Y system was derived from an X1X2O system by a tandem X-autosome fusion which yielded the X′2 and a centric autosome-autosome fusion which yielded the Y. Data on heteropycnosis, chiasmata, segregation, chromosome number and arm length support this hypothesis. The distribution of the X′1X′2X′3Y system within the genus is phylogenetically confusing and suggests that the two sex chromosome systems have been maintained together as a polymorphism in some lineages for long periods of time or that there have been repeated derivations of the X′1X′2X′3Y or X1X2O systems.
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Maddison, W.P. XXXY sex chromosomes in males of the jumping spider genus Pellenes (Araneae: Salticidae). Chromosoma 85, 23–37 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00344592
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00344592