Abstract
Recently, a model for a pair of antogonistic muscles has been studied (Oğuztöreli and Stein, 1982). In the present paper we formulate and investigate the minimization of the costs associated with the time to complete the movement, the oscillation about the end-point, the energy costs to the muscles to complete the movement, the cost to the nervous system to supply the inputs, and the cost of reliability in the face of perturbing forces. To solve these optimization problems the maximum principle of Pontryagin is employed. In all of these optimization problems, except the energy optimal problem, the optimal controls (active states or nervous inputs) are of the bang-bang type.
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This work was partly supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Grant NSERC-A4345 and by the Medical Research Council of Canada Grant MRC-MA-3307 through the University of Alberta
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Oğuztöreli, M.N., Stein, R.B. Optimal control of antagonistic muscles. Biol. Cybern. 48, 91–99 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00344392
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00344392