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Untersuchungen des Plasma-Cortisols bei psychiatrischen Krankheitsgruppen

Investigations of the plasma cortisol in psychiatric diagnostic groups

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Summary

In 23 endogenous depressives, 24 schizophrenics, 15 manics, 23 depressed neurotics, 23 nondepressed neurotics, and 29 nonpsychiatric papients as controls, the plasma cortisol in the morning (7:30 a.m.) and the evening (7:30 p.m.) was measured with radioimmunoassay. Comparing the means of the groups, significant differences were found. In the morning the means of the nondepressed neurotics (¯x=16.6 μg/100 ml), the endogenous depressives (¯x=14.8 μg/100 ml), and the depressed neurotics (¯x=14.4 μg/ 100 ml) are greater than that of the controls (¯x=10.0 μg/100 ml). In the evening the means of the nondepressed neurotics (¯x=8.8 μg/100 ml), the manies (¯x=6.4 μg/100 ml), and the endogenous depressives (¯x=7.00 μg/100 ml) are greater than that of the controls (¯x=3.6 μg/100 ml); also, the mean of the nondepressed neurotics (¯x=8.8 μg/100 ml) is greater than those of the depressed neurotics (¯x=4.9 μg/100 ml) and the schizophrenics (¯x=4.4 μg/ 100 ml).

The results are compared with the literature. The interpretation of the findings is problematic: probably unspecific factors of stress and specific factors of illness—at least in depressive illness of the endogenomorphic type—are relevant.

Zusammenfassung

Bei 23 endogen Depressiven, 24 Schizophrenen, 15 Manikern, 23 depressiven Neurotikern, 23 nichtdepressiven Neurotikern und 29 nichtpsychiatrischen Patienten als Kontrollen wurde mit der Radioimmunassay-Methode der Plasma-Cortisol-Gehalt am Morgen (7.30 Uhr) und am Abend (19.30 Uhr) bestimmt. Der multiple Vergleich der Gruppenmittelwerte ergab folgende signifikante Unterschiede: In den Morgenwerten liegen die nichtdepressiven Neurotiker (¯x=16,6 μg/100 ml), endogen Depressiven (¯x =14,8 μg/100 ml) und depressiven Neurotiker (¯x=14,4 μg/100 ml) höher als die Kontrollen (¯x=10,0 μg/100 ml). In den Abendwerten liegen die nichtdepressiven Neurotiker (¯x=8,8 μg/100 ml), Maniker (¯x=6,4 μg/100 ml) und endogen Depressiven (¯x=7,0 μg/100 ml) höher als die Kontrollen (¯x=3,6 μg/ 100 ml), die nichtdepressiven Neurotiker (¯x=8,8 μg/100 ml) außerdem höher als die depressiven Neurotiker (¯x=4,9 μg/100 ml) und Schizophrenen (¯x= 4,4 μg/100 ml).

Die Ergebnisse werden mit der Literatur verglichen. Die Interpretation der Befunde ist problematisch: Neben krankheitsunspezifischen Streßfaktoren scheinen auch — zumindest bei endogener Depression — krankheitsspezifische Faktoren eine Rolle zu spielen.

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Diebold, K., Vecsei, P., Jackenkroll, R. et al. Untersuchungen des Plasma-Cortisols bei psychiatrischen Krankheitsgruppen. Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr. 226, 29–35 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00344121

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