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The HLA system and schizophrenia

A study in a German population

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Summary

Various diseases with a noticeable autoimmune component and frequent occurrence within one family show a statistically significant correlation with specific human leukocyte antigens (HLA). This correlation was also shown in studies of HLA in psychiatric disorders. However, results have been contradictory.

The phenotype frequencies of HLA specificities were investigated in 100 schizophrenic patients and 472 controls from the same geographic area in Germany. The frequency of HLA B27 was significantly increased in the patient group as a whole (P=0.017) and in the subgroups of paranoid patients (P=0.005), chronic schizophrenics (P<0.001), patients with poor prognosis (P<0.001), and in patients with onset of the disease before the age of 20 years (P=0.004). In the latter three groups an elevated incidence of HLA A9 was also found.

The combination A9-B27 was detected in 0.63% of our control group and in 7% of the patients (P<0.001). Of these patients 85.7% were chronic paranoid patients with poor prognostic features. This study gives support to the possibility of using HLA typing in genetic studies of schizophrenia, as well as in the differential diagnosis and prognosis.

Zusammenfassung

Verschiedene Erkrankungen mit offensichtlicher Beteiligung des Autoimmunesystems und gehäuftem familiärem Vorkommen weisen eine Korrelation mit spezifischen Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) auf. Eine solche Korrelation ergab sich auch zwischen HLA und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen. Allerdings sind die bisher gewonnenen Ergebnisse widersprüchlich.

In vorliegender Studie wurden 100 Schizophrene und 472 Kontrollpersonen aus Mannheim auf ihr HLA-Muster untersucht. In der Gesamtgruppe der Schizophrenen fanden wir eine erhöhte Incidenz des HLA B27 (P=0,017). In den Gruppen der paranoiden (P=0,005), der chronisch Schizophrenen (P<0,001) sowie bei Patienten mit ungünstiger Prognose (P<0,001) und Patienten mit Krankheitsbeginn vor dem 20. Lebensjahr fand sich B27 mit erhöhter Incidenz. In den letzteren 3 Gruppen fand sich auch eine erhöhte Incidenz des HLA A9.

Die Kombination A9-B27 wurde in 0,63% der Kontrollgruppe und in 7% des Patientenkollektivs gefunden (P<0,001). 85,7% der Träger dieser Kombination waren chronisch paranoid Kranke mit ungünstiger Prognose.

Diese Studie weist auf die Möglichkeit hin, daß die HLA-Bestimmung für genetische Studien, aber auch zur Differentialdiagnose und zur Prognose der Schizophrenie einmal von Nutzen sein könnte.

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Gattaz, W.F., Ewald, R.W. & Beckmann, H. The HLA system and schizophrenia. Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr. 228, 205–211 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00342346

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00342346

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